College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, United States.
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2010 Jul 1;110(1-2):144-50. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2010.02.015. Epub 2010 Mar 25.
Human laboratory studies have shown that, once initiated, cocaine self-administration is difficult to disrupt using non-drug alternatives. This inpatient study examined whether binge self-administration of cocaine could be altered by an immediate, non-drug reinforcer. Ten cocaine-dependent participants completed 5 consecutive laboratory session days with 2 sessions per day (a model binge), 9 days where cocaine was not available, and subsequent 2 laboratory session days where cocaine was again available (a second model binge). In each laboratory session, participants could choose to either self-administer smoked cocaine or play a game of chance by drawing a pre-determined number of balls from a bingo wheel. Balls were worth monetary amounts from $0 to $20. Participants' choice to smoke cocaine varied as a function of number of balls drawn. Thus, this game of chance served as an alternative reinforcer to smoking cocaine. Choice varied lawfully as a function of the number of opportunities to earn money indicating that an immediate behavioral alternative can reduce cocaine self-administration after initiation of use. The current model could be used to evaluate whether behavioral and pharmacological manipulations shift choice from cocaine to a non-drug alternative.
人体实验室研究表明，可卡因自我给药一旦开始，就很难用非药物替代物来打断。这项住院研究检验了即时的非药物强化是否可以改变 binge 自我给药。10 名可卡因依赖的参与者完成了 5 个连续的实验室会议日，每天 2 个会议（一个 binge 模型），9 天内没有可卡因，随后是 2 个实验室会议日，再次提供可卡因（第二个 binge 模型）。在每个实验室会议中，参与者可以选择吸食可卡因，也可以通过从宾果轮中抽取预定数量的球来玩一个机会游戏。球的价值从 0 到 20 美元不等。参与者吸食可卡因的选择取决于抽取的球数。因此，这个机会游戏成为吸食可卡因的替代强化物。选择随着赚钱机会的增加而合法地变化，这表明在使用开始后，即时的行为替代物可以减少可卡因自我给药。目前的模型可用于评估行为和药理学干预是否可以将选择从可卡因转移到非药物替代物上。
