W. P. Carey School of Business, School of Health Management and Policy, Arizona State University, Box 874506, Tempe, AZ 85287-4506, USA.
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2010 Jul 1;110(1-2):1-7. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2010.01.018. Epub 2010 Mar 26.
Persons with former alcohol or drug use disorders are protected from labor market discrimination by the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990. They have been neglected, however, in empirical studies of labor market discrimination following implementation of the Act. We apply econometric techniques used to study other disabled groups to determine if there are significant differences in employment outcomes for persons with and without former substance use disorders and, if so, what part of these differences potentially can be attributed to employer discrimination. There are no significant differences in employment rates between persons with and without former substance use disorders, and among those who are employed no significant differences in rates of full-time employment. But persons with former substance use disorders report significantly higher rates of involuntary job loss within the previous year. Part of the differential remains unexplained after controlling for other factors that affect employment outcomes, suggesting employer discrimination may be one cause of poor job stability among this group. Certain identifiable subgroups with low levels of human capital are particularly susceptible to substance-related discrimination.
根据 1990 年《美国残疾人法案》，有过酗酒或吸毒障碍的人受到劳动力市场歧视的保护。然而，在该法案实施后的劳动力市场歧视实证研究中，他们被忽视了。我们应用了用于研究其他残疾群体的计量经济学技术，以确定是否有以前有过物质使用障碍的人与没有物质使用障碍的人在就业结果方面存在显著差异，如果有，这些差异的哪些部分可能归因于雇主歧视。有过和没有过物质使用障碍的人的就业率没有显著差异，而在就业者中，全职就业的比例也没有显著差异。但是，有过物质使用障碍的人报告称，在过去一年中，非自愿失业的比例明显更高。在控制了其他影响就业结果的因素后，这种差异仍有一部分无法解释，这表明雇主歧视可能是该群体工作稳定性差的一个原因。某些人力资本水平较低的可识别亚组特别容易受到与物质相关的歧视。
