STMS-Ircam-CNRS, Paris, France.
J Exp Psychol Appl. 2010 Mar;16(1):16-32. doi: 10.1037/a0018762.
The influence of listener's expertise and sound identification on the categorization of environmental sounds is reported in three studies. In Study 1, the causal uncertainty of 96 sounds was measured by counting the different causes described by 29 participants. In Study 2, 15 experts and 15 nonexperts classified a selection of 60 sounds and indicated the similarities they used. In Study 3, 38 participants indicated their confidence in identifying the sounds. Participants reported using either acoustical similarities or similarities of the causes of the sounds. Experts used acoustical similarity more often than nonexperts, who used the similarity of the cause of the sounds. Sounds with a low causal uncertainty were more often grouped together because of the similarities of the cause, whereas sounds with a high causal uncertainty were grouped together more often because of the acoustical similarities. The same conclusions were reached for identification confidence. This measure allowed the sound classification to be predicted, and is a straightforward method to determine the appropriate description of a sound.
三项研究报告了听众专业知识和声音识别对环境声音分类的影响。在研究 1 中，通过统计 29 名参与者描述的不同原因，测量了 96 个声音的因果不确定性。在研究 2 中，15 名专家和 15 名非专家对 60 个声音进行了分类，并指出他们使用的相似性。在研究 3 中，38 名参与者表示他们对识别声音的信心。参与者报告说他们使用声音的声学相似性或声音产生原因的相似性。专家比非专家更频繁地使用声学相似性，而非专家则使用声音产生原因的相似性。因果不确定性低的声音由于产生原因的相似性而更频繁地被归为一类，而因果不确定性高的声音则由于声学相似性而更频繁地被归为一类。识别置信度也得出了相同的结论。该措施可以预测声音分类，并且是确定声音适当描述的一种直接方法。
