Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, 835 South Wolcott Ave., Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
Immunotherapy. 2009 May;1(3):495-504. doi: 10.2217/IMT.09.4.
Various strategies have been used to generate cellular cancer vaccines with the expectation that they will become an effective part of the overall management of cancer patients. However, with few notable exceptions, immunization has not resulted in significant long-term therapeutic benefits. Tumor growth has continued and patient survival has been at best only modestly prolonged. One possible explanation is that as only a small proportion of the constituents of malignant cells are "tumor specific" and the vast majority are the products of nonantigenic, normal "housekeeping" genes, the immune response in patients immunized with cellular cancer vaccines is not sufficient to result in tumor rejection. Here, we review and characterize various types of cellular cancer vaccines. In addition, in a mouse breast cancer model system, we describe a unique strategy designed to enrich cellular vaccines for cells that induce tumor immunity. Numerous advantages and disadvantages of cancer immunotherapy with cellular vaccines are also presented.
各种策略已被用于生成细胞癌症疫苗，期望它们成为癌症患者整体管理的有效组成部分。然而，除了少数显著的例外，免疫接种并没有带来显著的长期治疗益处。肿瘤生长仍在继续，患者的生存时间最多也只是适度延长。一种可能的解释是，由于恶性细胞的成分只有一小部分是“肿瘤特异性的”，而绝大多数是无抗原的正常“管家”基因的产物，因此用细胞癌症疫苗免疫的患者的免疫反应不足以导致肿瘤排斥。在这里，我们回顾和描述了各种类型的细胞癌症疫苗。此外，在小鼠乳腺癌模型系统中，我们描述了一种独特的策略，旨在为诱导肿瘤免疫的细胞富集细胞癌症疫苗。还提出了用细胞疫苗进行癌症免疫治疗的众多优缺点。
