Lee R M, Gzik D J
Department of Anaesthesia, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
Basic Res Cardiol. 1991;86 Suppl 1:55-64.
Most of the results on the effects of sympatholytic agents on vascular remodelling came from studies involving hypertensive animals. Therefore, it is often difficult to dissociate the antihypertensive property of the drugs from those caused by the direct action of the drugs on the structure of the blood vessels. However, some general conclusions can be drawn in some areas. Very little information is available on the effects of sympatholytic agents on the structure and function of the endothelial cells, and on the structure of the internal elastic lamina. Necrotic changes of the endothelial cells, and destruction of the internal elastic lamina present in hypertensive animals are prevented with sympatholytic agents, which may be related to the antihypertensive property of the drugs. The density of the fenestrations in the internal elastic lamina is decreased by sympathectomy. In the media, proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells in growing animals is usually interfered with by sympatholytic drugs, so that the medial mass is normally smaller than that in the untreated control. In most animals, treatment of the animals with sympatholytic agents causes an increase in the biosynthesis, or accumulation of collagen in several types of arteries in the rats and rabbits. In addition to adrenergic nerves, the density of some peptidergic nerves is also reduced by these drugs. The effect of sympathectomy on lumen size is less clear, because lumen size was increased in some studies, and decreased in others. It is clear that remodelling of the vessel wall does occur in some instances, but in general, it is important to distinguish the growth retardation of the animals due to the treatment, from the effect which might be specific to the vessel wall.
大多数关于抗交感神经药对血管重塑作用的研究结果来自涉及高血压动物的实验。因此，通常很难将药物的降压特性与药物对血管结构的直接作用所导致的特性区分开来。然而，在某些方面可以得出一些一般性结论。关于抗交感神经药对内皮细胞结构和功能以及内弹性膜结构的影响，目前所知甚少。抗交感神经药可预防高血压动物出现的内皮细胞坏死性改变以及内弹性膜的破坏，这可能与药物的降压特性有关。交感神经切除会降低内弹性膜窗孔的密度。在中膜，抗交感神经药通常会干扰生长中动物血管平滑肌细胞的增殖，因此中膜质量通常比未治疗的对照组小。在大多数动物中，用抗交感神经药治疗会导致大鼠和兔子几种动脉中胶原蛋白的生物合成增加或积累。除了肾上腺素能神经外，这些药物还会降低一些肽能神经的密度。交感神经切除对管腔大小的影响不太明确，因为在一些研究中管腔大小增加，而在另一些研究中则减小。很明显，在某些情况下确实会发生血管壁重塑，但一般来说，区分治疗导致的动物生长迟缓与可能特定于血管壁的效应很重要。
