A randomized study to compare oral fluconazole to amphotericin B in the prevention of fungal infections in patients with acute leukaemia.

In a prospective randomized study the efficacy of fluconazole (50 mg in one single daily dose) was compared with oral amphotericin B in suspension and tablets (each 200 mg four times daily) for prevention of colonization and subsequent infection by yeasts in 50 patients undergoing remission induction treatment for acute leukaemia. All patients received ciprofloxacin for prevention of bacterial infections. Fluconazole was as effective as amphotericin B in preventing severe local and disseminated fungal disease (one documented and one highly suspected infection in each group of patients). Fluconazole effectively prevented yeast colonization of the oropharynx but was less effective than amphotericin B in preventing colonization of the lower alimentary tract. Fifty-two percent of patients receiving fluconazole had persistent positive stool cultures as compared to 4% in the amphotericin B group (P less than 0.01). Fluconazole was better tolerated than amphotericin B. One patient developed an extended rash leading to the termination of fluconazole.