Cranfield University, Centre for Water Science, Cranfield, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, UK.
J Water Health. 2010 Sep;8(3):550-60. doi: 10.2166/wh.2010.128. Epub 2010 Mar 9.
Target 7C of the Millennium Development Goals is to "halve, by 2015, the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation". However, the corresponding indicator measures the "proportion of population using an improved drinking water source". This raises the question of whether "safe" and "improved" can be used interchangeably. This paper tests this hypothesis by comparing microbiological water quality in 346 different water sources across the District of Amuria in Uganda to each other and to defined standards, including the WHO drinking water standard of zero TTC per 100 ml, and the Ugandan national standard of 50 TTC per 100 ml. The water sources were grouped into six different categories: boreholes, protected springs, covered hand dug wells, open hand dug wells, open water and roofwater harvesting. The paper concludes that the ranking from the highest to the lowest microbiological quality water was: boreholes, protected springs and roofwater harvesting, open and covered hand dug wells, open water. It also concludes that sanitary surveys cannot be used to predict water quality precisely; however they are an essential component of the monitoring of safe water supplies.
千年发展目标的目标 7C 是“到 2015 年，使无法持续获得安全饮用水和基本环境卫生的人口比例减半”。然而，相应的指标衡量的是“使用改良饮用水源的人口比例”。这就提出了一个问题，即“安全”和“改良”是否可以互换使用。本文通过比较乌干达阿穆里亚区 346 个不同水源的微生物水质，以及与零总大肠菌群（TTC）/每 100 毫升 50 TTC 的世界卫生组织饮用水标准和乌干达国家标准，来检验这一假设。水源分为 6 个不同类别：钻孔、受保护的泉水、有盖的手挖井、露天手挖井、露天水源和屋顶集水。本文的结论是，从最高到最低的微生物水质排名是：钻孔、受保护的泉水和屋顶集水、露天和有盖的手挖井、露天水源。本文还得出结论，卫生调查不能精确预测水质；然而，它们是安全供水监测的重要组成部分。
