Zhang Wen, Cao Jieer, Xu Jun
Department of Automotive Engineering, School of Transportation Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China.
Advanced Vehicle Research Center, Beihang University, Beijing, China.
PLoS One. 2017 Dec 14;12(12):e0189455. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189455. eCollection 2017.
How to evaluate driver spontaneous reactions in various collision patterns in a quantitative way is one of the most important topics in vehicle safety. Firstly, this paper constructs representative numerical crash scenarios described by impact velocity, impact angle and contact position based on finite element (FE) computation platform. Secondly, a driver cabin model is extracted and described in the well validated multi-rigid body (MB) model to compute the value of weighted injury criterion to quantitatively assess drivers' overall injury under certain circumstances. Furthermore, based on the coupling of FE and MB, parametric studies on various crash scenarios are conducted. It is revealed that the WIC (Weighted Injury Criteria) value variation law under high impact velocities is quite distinct comparing with the one in low impact velocities. In addition, the coupling effect can be elucidated by the fact that the difference of WIC value among three impact velocities under smaller impact angles tends to be distinctly higher than that under larger impact angles. Meanwhile, high impact velocity also increases the sensitivity of WIC under different collision positions and impact angles. Results may provide a new methodology to quantitatively evaluate driving behaviors and serve as a significant guiding step towards collision avoidance for autonomous driving vehicles.
如何以定量方式评估驾驶员在各种碰撞模式下的自发反应是车辆安全领域最重要的课题之一。首先，本文基于有限元（FE）计算平台构建了以碰撞速度、碰撞角度和接触位置描述的代表性数值碰撞场景。其次，提取驾驶舱模型并在经过充分验证的多刚体（MB）模型中进行描述，以计算加权伤害准则的值，从而定量评估驾驶员在特定情况下的整体伤害。此外，基于有限元和多刚体的耦合，对各种碰撞场景进行了参数研究。结果表明，与低碰撞速度下相比，高碰撞速度下的加权伤害准则（WIC）值变化规律截然不同。此外，较小碰撞角度下三种碰撞速度之间的WIC值差异往往明显高于较大碰撞角度下的差异，这一事实可以说明耦合效应。同时，高碰撞速度也增加了不同碰撞位置和碰撞角度下WIC的敏感性。研究结果可能为定量评估驾驶行为提供一种新方法，并为自动驾驶车辆的碰撞避免提供重要的指导。
