de Mamani Amy G Weisman
Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA.
J Nerv Ment Dis. 2010 Apr;198(4):305-8. doi: 10.1097/NMD.0b013e3181d612d4.
This study examined the association of self-conscious emotions (shame and guilt) with general emotional distress (GED) and expressed emotion (EE) in family members of patients with schizophrenia. Fifty-seven relatives were given the test of self-conscious affect Tangney et al., 1989, The Test of Self-Conscious Affect. Fairfax, VA: George Mason University) to evaluate their proneness to shame and guilt and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale Lovibond and Lovibond, 1995. Behav Res Ther. 33:335-343) to assess GED. Participants were also interviewed using the Camberwell Family Interview to measure EE. Consistent with Tangney's theory of self-conscious emotions and with study hypotheses, simultaneous regression analyses indicated that increasing shame proneness was strongly and positively associated with caregivers' reported GED whereas increasing guilt proneness was negatively associated with GED. Expressed emotion was not found to relate to self-conscious emotions nor to GED when rated as a dichotomous variable (high vs. low). However, greater shame proneness was associated with lower ratings of emotional overinvolvement, one component of EE. Study implications are discussed.
本研究考察了精神分裂症患者家庭成员的自我意识情绪（羞耻和内疚）与一般情绪困扰（GED）及表达性情绪（EE）之间的关联。57名亲属接受了自我意识情感测试（坦尼等人，1989年，《自我意识情感测试》。弗吉尼亚州费尔法克斯：乔治梅森大学）以评估他们产生羞耻和内疚的倾向，以及抑郁焦虑压力量表（洛维邦德和洛维邦德，1995年。《行为研究与治疗》。第33卷：第335 - 343页）以评估一般情绪困扰。还使用坎伯韦尔家庭访谈对参与者进行访谈以测量表达性情绪。与坦尼的自我意识情绪理论及研究假设一致，同时回归分析表明，羞耻倾向增加与照料者报告的一般情绪困扰呈强烈正相关，而内疚倾向增加与一般情绪困扰呈负相关。当将表达性情绪评定为二分变量（高与低）时，未发现其与自我意识情绪及一般情绪困扰有关。然而，羞耻倾向越强，表达性情绪的一个组成部分即情感过度卷入的评分越低。文中讨论了该研究的意义。
