Quandt Sara A, Bell Ronny A, Snively Beverly M, Vitolins Mara Z, Wetmore-Arkader Lindsay K, Arcury Thomas A
Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, USA.
J Nutr Elder. 2009 Apr;28(2):143-57. doi: 10.1080/01639360902950158.
Dietary self-management of diabetes is often difficult for older adults to practice, particularly in rural communities. We describe patterns and correlates of dietary fat reduction among older rural adults with diabetes of any type. In-home interviews were conducted with a multiethnic random sample of 701 adults ≥ 65 with diabetes from two North Carolina counties. The Fat and Fiber Behavior Questionnaire was used to measure dietary behaviors. Separate multiple linear regressions assessed effects of gender, ethnicity, and diabetes education. In general, scores were more favorable for practices that involved modifying food preparation (e.g., avoiding frying) and less favorable for practices that involved changing foods consumed (e.g., substituting fruits and vegetables as desserts or snacks). American Indians and African Americans had less favorable scores than whites, and diabetes education was associated with greater fat restriction for women than men. Older men and ethnic minorities with diabetes should be targeted for dietary change education.
糖尿病的饮食自我管理对老年人来说往往很难实践，尤其是在农村社区。我们描述了任何类型糖尿病的老年农村成年人中饮食脂肪减少的模式及其相关因素。对来自北卡罗来纳州两个县的701名65岁及以上患有糖尿病的成年人进行了多民族随机抽样的家庭访谈。使用脂肪和纤维行为问卷来测量饮食行为。分别进行多元线性回归以评估性别、种族和糖尿病教育的影响。总体而言，涉及改变食物制备方式（如避免油炸）的行为得分更有利，而涉及改变所食用食物（如用水果和蔬菜替代甜点或零食）的行为得分则不太有利。美国印第安人和非裔美国人的得分不如白人，并且糖尿病教育对女性的脂肪限制影响大于男性。应该针对患有糖尿病的老年男性和少数族裔进行饮食改变教育。
