Vitolins Mara Z, Quandt Sara A, Bell Ronny A, Arcury Thomas A, Case L Douglas
Department of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157-1063, USA.
J Rural Health. 2002 Winter;18(1):49-56. doi: 10.1111/j.1748-0361.2002.tb00876.x.
Older adults residing in rural communities are at risk for low dietary quality because of a variety of social, physical and environmental circumstances. Minority elders are at additional risk because of poorer health status and lower socioeconomic status. This study evaluated the food group intake of 130 older (>70 years) African American (34%), European American (36%), and Native American (30%) residents of two rural communities in central North Carolina. An interviewer-administered food frequency questionnaire was used to measure dietary intake. Food items were classified into food groups similar to the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Food Guide Pyramid and the National Cancer Institutes 5 A Day for Better Health program. None of the survey participants met minimum intake recommendations and most over-consumed fats, oils, sweets and snacks. African Americans and Native Americans consumed fewer servings of meats,fruits and vegetables, and fats, oils, sweets and snacks than European Americans. African American men consumed the fewest servings of fruits and vegetables of all gender/ethnic groups. Consumption of fats, oils and sweets was greatest among those 85 years and older and was more common among denture users. National strategies to educate the public about the importance of consuming a varied diet based on the recommendations presented in national nutrition education campaigns may not be reaching older adults in rural communities, particularly minority group members.
由于各种社会、身体和环境因素，居住在农村社区的老年人面临饮食质量低下的风险。少数族裔老年人由于健康状况较差和社会经济地位较低，面临的风险更大。本研究评估了北卡罗来纳州中部两个农村社区130名年龄较大（>70岁）的非裔美国人（34%）、欧裔美国人（36%）和美洲原住民（30%）居民的食物组摄入量。使用由访谈员管理的食物频率问卷来测量饮食摄入量。食物项目被分类为与美国农业部（USDA）食物指南金字塔和美国国立癌症研究所的“每天5份蔬果，健康加分”计划类似的食物组。没有一位调查参与者达到最低摄入量建议，并且大多数人过量摄入了脂肪、油类、甜食和零食。非裔美国人和美洲原住民摄入的肉类、水果和蔬菜以及脂肪、油类、甜食和零食份数少于欧裔美国人。在所有性别/种族群体中，非裔美国男性摄入的水果和蔬菜份数最少。85岁及以上人群中脂肪、油类和甜食的摄入量最高，并且在佩戴假牙者中更为常见。基于全国营养教育活动中提出的建议，向公众宣传多样化饮食重要性的国家战略可能没有覆盖到农村社区的老年人，尤其是少数群体成员。
