Clum G, Gustat J, O'Malley K, Begalieva M, Luckett B, Rice J, Johnson C
Gretchen Clum, 1440 Canal st tw 19, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA,
J Nutr Health Aging. 2016;20(7):678-84. doi: 10.1007/s12603-016-0695-0.
The objective of this study was to identify demographic, social and structural factors associated with intake of fruit and vegetables in older adults in New Orleans, Louisiana.
A cross-sectional randomly sampled, address-based telephone survey of households in Orleans Parish, Louisiana was conducted with the household's main grocery shopper.
All participants were in the New Orleans metro area and were surveyed in 2011.
Participants were 2,834 residents identified as the households' main grocery shopper in Orleans Parish, Louisiana. Participants were primarily female (75%), African-American (53%), approximately 10 percent of the sample reported receipt of government assistance. Approximately 37% of the sample was age 65 and older.
Measures included a telephone administered survey assessing demographic characteristics, food intake, access to supermarkets and other food sources, transportation, self-reported health, and frequency of grocery shopping.
Older adults consumed fewer fresh fruits and vegetables (FV) than younger adults (p<0.01). Bivariate associations with decreased FV included older age, receipt of government assistance, African American race, use of mobility aid, and poorer health. Multivariate factors associated with lower consumption include age, African American race, and poorer self-reported health. Women reported more fruit and vegetable consumption than men.
FV consumption is associated with improved health and reduced mortality. Older adults are less likely to consume fruits and vegetables, therefore addressing reduced FV consumption in older adults is a potential target for improving health outcomes in older adults. Specifically targeting African Americans and those with poorer health, as well as males may be an important focus for interventions.
本研究的目的是确定与路易斯安那州新奥尔良市老年人水果和蔬菜摄入量相关的人口统计学、社会和结构因素。
对路易斯安那州奥尔良教区的家庭进行了一项基于地址的横断面随机抽样电话调查，调查对象为家庭的主要食品杂货购物者。
所有参与者均来自新奥尔良都会区，并于2011年接受调查。
参与者为2834名路易斯安那州奥尔良教区被确定为家庭主要食品杂货购物者的居民。参与者主要为女性（75%），非裔美国人（53%），约10%的样本报告接受政府援助。约37%的样本年龄在65岁及以上。
测量包括一项电话调查，评估人口统计学特征、食物摄入量、超市和其他食物来源的可及性、交通、自我报告的健康状况以及食品杂货购物频率。
老年人食用的新鲜水果和蔬菜比年轻人少（p<0.01）。与水果和蔬菜摄入量减少的二元关联因素包括年龄较大、接受政府援助、非裔美国人种族、使用行动辅助工具以及健康状况较差。与消费量较低相关的多变量因素包括年龄、非裔美国人种族以及自我报告的健康状况较差。女性报告的水果和蔬菜消费量高于男性。
水果和蔬菜消费与改善健康和降低死亡率相关。老年人食用水果和蔬菜的可能性较小，因此解决老年人水果和蔬菜消费量减少的问题是改善老年人健康结果的一个潜在目标。特别针对非裔美国人以及健康状况较差的人群以及男性可能是干预措施的一个重要重点。
