Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
Clin Infect Dis. 2010 May 15;50 Suppl 3(Suppl 3):S122-9. doi: 10.1086/651483.
Women account for approximately one-half of all human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections worldwide. Sexual transmission is the dominant mode of HIV transmission to women, and there is a concomitant associated epidemic of transmission to infants. The majority of HIV infections in women are in sub-Saharan Africa, with a disproportionate burden in young women <25 years of age. Acquisition and prevention of HIV infection in women is complex and influenced by biological, behavioral, and structural factors. Efforts to reduce the incidence of HIV infection among women in sub-Saharan African could play a substantial role in altering global trajectories of HIV infection. Increasing access to sexual and reproductive health services, addressing gender-based violence and social instability, reducing poverty and the need to engage in sex for survival, and encouraging greater male responsibility are critical short-to-medium-term interventions. Efforts to find a microbicide and HIV vaccine need to be matched with efforts to deepen understanding of acquisition of HIV in the female genital tract to inform development of targeted molecules for prevention of HIV infection.
全球约有一半的人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染者为女性。性传播是 HIV 向女性传播的主要途径，随之而来的还有向婴儿传播的流行。大多数女性 HIV 感染发生在撒哈拉以南非洲地区，其中 25 岁以下的年轻女性负担不成比例。女性获得和预防 HIV 感染的情况较为复杂，受到生物、行为和结构因素的影响。减少撒哈拉以南非洲地区女性 HIV 感染发生率的努力可能会对改变全球 HIV 感染轨迹起到重要作用。增加获得性和生殖健康服务的机会，解决基于性别的暴力和社会不稳定问题，减少贫困和为生存而进行性交易的需求，以及鼓励男性承担更多责任，这些都是中短期的关键干预措施。寻找杀微生物剂和 HIV 疫苗的努力需要与加深对女性生殖道获得 HIV 的理解相匹配，以指导开发针对 HIV 感染预防的靶向分子。
