Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA.
Compr Psychiatry. 2010 May-Jun;51(3):275-85. doi: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2009.08.005. Epub 2009 Dec 21.
Despite the emphasis on emotional reactivity and delayed emotional recovery in prominent theoretical accounts of borderline personality disorder (BPD), research in this area remains limited. This study sought to extend extant research by examining emotional reactivity (and recovery following emotional arousal) to 2 laboratory stressors (one general, and the other involving negative evaluation) and exploring the impact of these stressors on subjective responding across the specific emotions of anxiety, irritability, hostility, and shame. We hypothesized that outpatients with BPD (compared to outpatients without a personality disorder; non-PD) would demonstrate heightened subjective emotional reactivity to both stressors, as well as a delayed return to baseline levels of emotional arousal. Results provide evidence for context- and emotion-specific reactivity in BPD. Specifically, BPD participants (compared to non-PD participants) evidenced heightened reactivity to the negative evaluation but not the general stressor. Furthermore, results provide support for shame-specific reactivity in BPD, with BPD participants (vs non-PD participants) evidencing a significantly different pattern of change in shame (but not in reported anxiety, irritability, or hostility) across the course of the study. Specifically, not only did BPD participants report higher levels of shame in response to the negative evaluation, their levels of shame remained elevated following this stressor (through the post-recovery period at the end of the study). Findings suggest the importance of continuing to examine emotional reactivity in BPD within specific contexts and across distinct emotions, rather than at the general trait level.
尽管在边缘型人格障碍（BPD）的主要理论描述中强调了情绪反应性和情绪恢复延迟，但该领域的研究仍然有限。本研究旨在通过检查对 2 种实验室应激源（一种是一般性的，另一种是涉及负面评价的）的情绪反应性（以及情绪唤醒后的恢复），并探讨这些应激源对焦虑、易怒、敌意和羞耻等特定情绪的主观反应的影响，来扩展现有研究。我们假设 BPD 患者（与无人格障碍的患者相比；非 PD）会对这两种应激源表现出更高的主观情绪反应性，以及情绪唤醒后恢复到基线水平的延迟。研究结果为 BPD 中的情境和情绪特异性反应提供了证据。具体来说，BPD 参与者（与非 PD 参与者相比）对负面评价表现出更高的反应性，但对一般应激源没有反应。此外，研究结果为 BPD 中的羞耻特异性反应提供了支持，与非 PD 参与者相比，BPD 参与者在研究过程中表现出羞耻感（而非报告的焦虑、易怒或敌意）明显不同的变化模式。具体来说，BPD 参与者不仅在对负面评价的反应中报告了更高水平的羞耻感，而且在该应激源之后（在研究结束时的恢复后阶段），他们的羞耻感仍然很高。研究结果表明，在特定情境和不同情绪中，而不是在一般特质水平上，继续检查 BPD 中的情绪反应性是很重要的。
