Development and Education, Sint Maartenskliniek, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2010 Dec;42(12):2264-72. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181e305f4.
The popularity of long-distance walking (LDW) has increased in the last decades. However, the effects of LDW on plantar pressure distribution and foot complaints, in particular, after several days of walking, have not been studied.
We obtained the plantar pressure data of 62 subjects who had no history of foot complaints and who walked a total distance of 199.8 km for men (n = 30) and 161.5 km for women (n = 32) during four consecutive days. Plantar pressure was measured each day after the finish (posttests I–IV) and compared with the baseline plantar pressure data, which was obtained 1 or 2 d before the march (pretest). Mean, peak, and pressure–time integral per pixel as well as the center of pressure (COP) trajectory of each foot per measurement day were calculated using the normalization method of Keijsers et al. A paired t-test with an adjusted P value was used to detect significant differences between pretest and posttest.
Short-term adjustment to LDW resulted in a significant decreased loading on the toes accompanied with an increased loading on the metatarsal head III–V (P < 0.001). At all stages, particularly at later stages, there was significantly more heel loading (P < 0.001). Furthermore, the COP significantly displaced in the posterior direction but not in the mediolateral direction after marching. Contact time increased slightly from 638.5 +/- 24.2 to 675.4 +/- 22.5 ms (P < 0.001).
The increased heel loading and decreased function of the toes found after marching indicate a change of walking pattern with less roll-off. It is argued that these changes reflect the effect of fatigue of the lower leg muscles and to avoid loading of the most vulnerable parts of the foot.
在过去几十年中，长途步行（LDW）的流行度有所增加。然而，LDW 对足底压力分布和足部抱怨的影响，特别是在行走几天后，尚未得到研究。
我们获得了 62 名无足部抱怨病史的受试者的足底压力数据，这些受试者在连续四天内分别行走了 199.8 公里（男性 n = 30）和 161.5 公里（女性 n = 32）。在每次行走结束后（测试 I-IV）测量足底压力，并与行走前 1 或 2 天（预测试）获得的基线足底压力数据进行比较。使用 Keijsers 等人的归一化方法计算每个测量日的每个像素的平均值、峰值和压力-时间积分以及每个脚的中心压力（COP）轨迹。使用调整后的 P 值进行配对 t 检验以检测预测试和测试之间的显著差异。
LDW 的短期适应导致脚趾的负荷显著降低，同时第三到第五跖骨头部的负荷增加（P < 0.001）。在所有阶段，特别是在后期阶段，脚跟的负荷明显增加（P < 0.001）。此外，COP 在后方向显著移位，但在内外侧方向没有移位。接触时间从 638.5 +/- 24.2 略微增加到 675.4 +/- 22.5 毫秒（P < 0.001）。
行走后脚跟负荷增加和脚趾功能降低表明行走模式发生变化，滚动减少。有人认为这些变化反映了小腿肌肉疲劳的影响，并避免了足部最脆弱部位的负荷。
