Gingras Marie, Farand Paul, Safar Michel E, Plante Gérard E
Clinical Biochemistry Service, Department of Biochemistry; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sherbrooke University, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada.
J Am Soc Hypertens. 2009 May-Jun;3(3):166-83. doi: 10.1016/j.jash.2009.03.002.
Adventitia surrounds, nourish, and protect large conductance vessels. This important outer layer has long been forgotten by researchers because interest in vascular diseases has focused mainly on resistance arteries, as shown by the numerous publications on the subject. However, involvement of large vessels in the pathogenesis of vascular diseases is beginning to be recognized. Indeed, the stiffness of conductance arteries could be a precursor event of high blood pressure. Pathological changes that occur in adventitia, increased vasa vasorum permeability for example, may lead or precipitate vascular diseases. Adventitia can also be affected by luminal events like shear stress and possibly atherosclerosis that may trigger adverse responses in the adventitial tissue. These adventitial changes and interrelationships, as well as the structure, including the afferent and efferent autonomic nervous system, and functions of adventitia are the subject of the present review. There is no doubt that the medical and scientific community would greatly benefit from awareness and a better consideration of adventitia and that more studies focusing on this part of blood vessels will lead to an improved comprehension of the different diseases affecting them.
外膜包裹、滋养并保护大传导血管。长期以来，这个重要的外层一直被研究人员所忽视，因为对血管疾病的关注主要集中在阻力动脉上，关于该主题的大量出版物就表明了这一点。然而，大血管在血管疾病发病机制中的作用正开始得到认可。事实上，传导动脉的僵硬可能是高血压的前期事件。外膜发生的病理变化，例如血管滋养管通透性增加，可能导致或引发血管疾病。外膜也会受到管腔事件的影响，如剪切应力以及可能的动脉粥样硬化，这些可能会在外膜组织中引发不良反应。这些外膜变化及其相互关系，以及外膜的结构（包括传入和传出自主神经系统）和功能，是本综述的主题。毫无疑问，医学界和科学界将从对外膜的认识和更好的考虑中受益匪浅，并且更多关注血管这一部分的研究将有助于更好地理解影响它们的各种疾病。
