Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen, and University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
J Dent Res. 2010 Jul;89(7):657-65. doi: 10.1177/0022034510368644. Epub 2010 May 6.
Biomaterials for the restoration of oral function are prone to biofilm formation, affecting oral health. Oral bacteria adhere to hydrophobic and hydrophilic surfaces, but due to fluctuating shear, little biofilm accumulates on hydrophobic surfaces in vivo. More biofilm accumulates on rough than on smooth surfaces. Oral biofilms mostly consist of multiple bacterial strains, but Candida species are found on acrylic dentures. Biofilms on gold and amalgam in vivo are thick and fully covering, but barely viable. Biofilms on ceramics are thin and highly viable. Biofilms on composites and glass-ionomer cements cause surface deterioration, which enhances biofilm formation again. Residual monomer release from composites influences biofilm growth in vitro, but effects in vivo are less pronounced, probably due to the large volume of saliva into which compounds are released and its continuous refreshment. Similarly, conflicting results have been reported on effects of fluoride release from glass-ionomer cements. Finally, biomaterial-associated infection of implants and devices elsewhere in the body is compared with oral biofilm formation. Biomaterial modifications to discourage biofilm formation on implants and devices are critically discussed for possible applications in dentistry. It is concluded that, for dental applications, antimicrobial coatings killing bacteria upon contact are more promising than antimicrobial-releasing coatings.
用于恢复口腔功能的生物材料容易形成生物膜，从而影响口腔健康。口腔细菌会附着在疏水性和亲水性表面上，但由于剪切力的波动，体内疏水性表面上几乎不会积累生物膜。粗糙表面上的生物膜比光滑表面上的生物膜积累得更多。口腔生物膜主要由多种细菌菌株组成，但在丙烯酸义齿上发现了假丝酵母属物种。体内的金和汞合金上的生物膜厚且完全覆盖，但几乎没有活性。陶瓷上的生物膜薄且高度活跃。复合材料和玻璃离子水泥上的生物膜会导致表面恶化，从而再次增强生物膜的形成。复合材料中残留单体的释放会影响体外生物膜的生长，但体内的影响不太明显，这可能是由于化合物释放到大量唾液中并不断更新。同样，玻璃离子水泥中氟化物释放的影响也有相互矛盾的报道。最后，将与身体其他部位的植入物和装置相关的生物材料相关性感染与口腔生物膜形成进行了比较。为了在牙科中可能应用，对阻止植入物和装置上生物膜形成的生物材料改性进行了批判性讨论。结论是，对于牙科应用，接触时杀死细菌的抗菌涂层比释放抗菌剂的涂层更有前景。
