Department of Agroenvironmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Int J Food Microbiol. 2010 Jul 31;141 Suppl 1:S98-108. doi: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2010.03.039. Epub 2010 Apr 8.
Campylobacteriosis is at present the most frequent zoonosis in humans and the main source is poultry meat contaminated by Campylobacter jejuni. An alternative and effective approach to antibiotic administration to livestock to reduce bacterial contamination is the use of probiotics, which can help to improve the natural defence of animals against pathogenic bacteria. In this study 55 lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria were screened for desirable properties for their application as probiotics against Campylobacter in poultry. All bacteria were examined for their antimicrobial activity against three C. jejuni strains. Strains exhibiting the highest anti-Campylobacter activity were examined for their survival in the gastro intestinal tract (low pH and presence of bile salts) and food/feed processing conditions (high temperature, high NaCl concentration and starvation) and basic safety aspects such as antibiotic susceptibility and hemolytic activity were studied. On the basis of these activities, two strains, namely Lactobacillus plantarum PCS 20 and Bifidobacterium longum PCB 133, were chosen for an in vivo trial in poultry. They were separately administered to healthy chickens in order to evaluate their capability of colonizing the GI tract of poultry and to estimate their effect on C. jejuni population. The results evidenced that L. plantarum PCS 20 was not present in poultry feces at detectable concentration, whereas B. longum PCB 133 significantly increased after two weeks of daily administration and its amount was still high after a wash-out period of 6 days. In the same period, C. jejuni concentration in poultry feces was significantly reduced in chickens administered with B. longum PCB 133. Therefore, B. longum PCB 133, possessing interesting probiotic properties and a marked anti-Campylobacter activity both in vitro and in vivo, is an excellent candidate for being employed as additives to feed for poultry for the reduction of food-borne campylobacteriosis in humans.
空肠弯曲菌病目前是人类中最常见的动物源性疾病，主要来源是被空肠弯曲菌污染的禽肉。减少细菌污染的替代且有效的抗生素管理方法是使用益生菌，这有助于提高动物对病原菌的天然防御能力。在本研究中，为了寻找针对禽源空肠弯曲菌的益生菌应用的理想特性，筛选了 55 株乳杆菌和双歧杆菌。所有细菌均检查了其对三种空肠弯曲菌菌株的抗菌活性。表现出最高抗空肠弯曲菌活性的菌株进一步检查了其在胃肠道（低 pH 和存在胆汁盐）和食品/饲料加工条件（高温、高 NaCl 浓度和饥饿）中的生存能力，以及基本的安全性方面，如抗生素敏感性和溶血活性。基于这些活性，选择了两种菌株，即植物乳杆菌 PCS 20 和长双歧杆菌 PCB 133，用于禽体内试验。将它们分别施用于健康鸡，以评估它们在禽类胃肠道定植的能力，并估计它们对空肠弯曲菌种群的影响。结果表明，在鸡粪便中无法检测到植物乳杆菌 PCS 20，而长双歧杆菌 PCB 133 在两周的每日给药后显著增加，并且在 6 天的冲洗期后仍保持高水平。在同一时期，给予长双歧杆菌 PCB 133 的鸡的粪便中空肠弯曲菌的浓度显著降低。因此，长双歧杆菌 PCB 133 具有有趣的益生菌特性，并且在体外和体内均具有显著的抗空肠弯曲菌活性，是作为禽用饲料添加剂用于减少人类食源性弯曲菌病的理想候选物。
