College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China.
Environ Monit Assess. 2011 Mar;174(1-4):681-92. doi: 10.1007/s10661-010-1487-3. Epub 2010 May 8.
In order to understand the water quality and the genotoxicity of various surfaces in the Guangzhou section of the Pearl River during January to December of 2008, we investigated and studied the current water situation of the surface microlayer (SML) and the subsurface water (SSW) in Guanzhou section (Zhongda Dock and Yuzhu Dock) of the Pearl River by chemical analysis and biological monitoring method (Vicia faba micronucleus test). The results showed that during these months concentrations of the indexes of the two docks water such as total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), chemical oxygen demand (COD) exceeded the national III level of surface water quality, and the indexes of SML were much higher than the ones of SSW (P< 0.05), and the exceeding rate of TN, TP of SML was 100%. According to the eutrophic evaluation standard, the water bodies of SML and SSW in the two docks were in a eutrophication during these months. The eutrophication and pollution of SML was more serious, and the highest index of eutrophication (E value) was up to 81.9, which also had obvious difference with COD and TP (P< 0.05). The water of SML in the two docks enriched to N, P, and chlorophyll a (Chl. a) seriously, and the enrichment factor of SML in Zhongda Dock to N, P, and Chl. a was 0.71 ∼ 2.78, 0.98 ∼ 1.18, and 0.49 ∼ 13.99, respectively, and the one in the Yuzhu Dock was 1.09 ∼ 1.52, 1 ∼ 1.14, and 0.72 ∼ 4.07, respectively. Through inspecting the water genotoxicity of various layers by V. faba micronucleus test, we could know that the average annual MCN ‰ of SML and SSW in the two docks was 6.09 ‰, 5.53 ‰, 5.57 ‰, and 5.249 ‰, respectively. In general, the above value of SML was a little higher than the one of SSW, but there was not a remarkable difference (P> 0.05). This research shows that the water quality in a medium to heavy eutrophication in the Guangzhou section of Pearl River belongs to national III ∼ IV level, and SML has the capability of enrichment to the pollutants such as N and P and induces the increase of micronucleus rate of V. faba tip cell. The study also indicates that there may be genotoxicity matters such as N, P in water body.
为了解 2008 年 1 月至 12 月期间珠江广州段各水面水质和遗传毒性状况，采用化学分析和生物监测方法（蚕豆根尖微核试验）对珠江广州段中大码头和渔珠码头表层水体（SML）和底层水体（SSW）的水质现状进行了调查研究。结果表明，这两个月两码头水体总氮（TN）、总磷（TP）、化学需氧量（COD）等指标均超过国家地表水Ⅲ类标准，SML 指标明显高于 SSW（P<0.05），TN、TP 超标率均为 100%。按富营养化评价标准，两码头 SML 和 SSW 水体均处于富营养化状态，SML 富营养化和污染程度更为严重，最高富营养化指数（E 值）达 81.9，与 COD、TP 均有显著性差异（P<0.05）。两码头 SML 水体对 N、P、叶绿素 a（Chl.a）等营养盐类严重富集，中大码头 SML 对 N、P、Chl.a 的富集因子分别为 0.71～2.78、0.98～1.18、0.49～13.99，渔珠码头分别为 1.09～1.52、1～1.14、0.72～4.07。采用蚕豆根尖微核试验对各层水进行遗传毒性检测，结果表明两码头 SML 和 SSW 年均微核‰分别为 6.09‰、5.53‰、5.57‰、5.249‰，总体上 SML 略高于 SSW，但无显著性差异（P>0.05）。研究表明珠江广州段水质属中重度富营养化，属国家Ⅲ～Ⅳ类水平，SML 具有对 N、P 等污染物的富集能力，并诱导蚕豆根尖细胞微核率的升高。研究还表明水体中可能存在 N、P 等遗传毒性物质。
