University of Houston College of Pharmacy, 1441 Moursund Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2010 May;8(5):555-64. doi: 10.1586/eri.10.28.
Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is the most common cause of identifiable diarrhea in hospitalized patients. The incidence and severity of CDIs are increasing. The increased incidence and severity of the disease has sparked interest in the optimal treatment of CDI as well as the use of new therapies and drug discovery. Current treatment strategies are inadequate with decreased response rates to metronidazole, and high recurrence rates with the use of metronidazole and oral vancomycin. Although incidence rates continue to be low, in vitro resistance to antibiotics used for the treatment of CDI has been noted. Recently, important data has emerged on new anti-C. difficile antibiotics such as rifaximin, rifalazil, fidaxomicin, nitazoxanide, tigecycline and ramoplanin. The purpose of this review is to provide an update on the in vitro susceptibility and new antibiotic treatment options for CDI. This review will focus primarily on scientific studies published in the last 36 months in order to provide an up-to-date review on the topic.
艰难梭菌感染（CDI）是住院患者中最常见的可识别性腹泻的原因。CDI 的发病率和严重程度正在增加。该病发病率和严重程度的增加引发了人们对 CDI 的最佳治疗方法以及新疗法和药物发现的兴趣。目前的治疗策略不够理想，甲硝唑的反应率降低，甲硝唑和口服万古霉素的使用复发率高。尽管发病率仍持续较低，但已注意到用于治疗 CDI 的抗生素出现体外耐药性。最近，有关新的抗艰难梭菌抗生素，如利福昔明、利福喷汀、非达霉素、硝唑尼特、替加环素和瑞他帕林的重要数据已经出现。本综述的目的是提供艰难梭菌体外药敏性和新抗生素治疗选择的最新信息。本综述将主要侧重于过去 36 个月发表的科学研究，以提供关于该主题的最新综述。
