Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Dr Peset, 90 Gaspar Aguilar Avenue, 46017 Valencia, Spain.
Br J Nutr. 2010 Oct;104(7):1018-25. doi: 10.1017/S0007114510001686. Epub 2010 May 11.
Phytosterols (PS) are recommended to reduce LDL-cholesterol. However, the influence of cholesterol and fat intake on the lipid-lowering effect of PS in mildly hypercholesterolaemia is unclear. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate whether the efficacy of PS is related to the composition of saturated fat and dietary cholesterol intake. Additionally, serum carotenoid content was analysed to evaluate to what extent it was undermined by PS. This was a 3-month randomised, parallel trial with a three-arm design. Patients were divided into three groups: healthy diet (n 24), healthy diet+PS (n 31) and free diet+PS (n 29), receiving 2 g/d of PS. Healthy and free diets were characterised by a daily ingestion of 6.8 % of saturated fat and 194.4 mg of cholesterol and 12.7 % of saturated fat and 268.1 mg of cholesterol, respectively. After PS therapy, patients receiving the healthy diet+PS or a free diet+PS exhibited a similar reduction in total cholesterol (6.7 and 5.5 %), LDL-cholesterol (9.6 and 7.0 %), non-HDL-cholesterol (12.2 and 8.9 %) and apo B-100/apo A-I ratio (11.5 and 11.6 %), respectively. In patients following the healthy diet, (β-carotene concentration rose by 26.9 %, whereas the β-carotene and lycopene levels dropped by 21.0 and 22.8 % in the group receiving the free diet+PS, respectively. No change was observed in carotenoid levels in healthy diet+PS group. In conclusion, the efficacy of PS in relation to lipoprotein profile is not influenced by saturated fat or dietary cholesterol intake, which confirms the positive effect of healthy diet therapy in improving the negative effects that PS exert on carotenoid levels.
植物固醇（PS）被推荐用于降低 LDL 胆固醇。然而，胆固醇和脂肪摄入量对轻度高胆固醇血症中 PS 降低血脂的影响尚不清楚。因此，本研究旨在评估 PS 的疗效是否与饱和脂肪和膳食胆固醇摄入量的组成有关。此外，还分析了血清类胡萝卜素含量，以评估 PS 对其的影响程度。这是一项为期 3 个月的随机、平行试验，采用三臂设计。患者分为三组：健康饮食组（n 24）、健康饮食+PS 组（n 31）和自由饮食+PS 组（n 29），每天摄入 2 g PS。健康饮食和自由饮食的特点分别是每天摄入 6.8%的饱和脂肪和 194.4 mg 胆固醇，以及 12.7%的饱和脂肪和 268.1 mg 胆固醇。PS 治疗后，接受健康饮食+PS 或自由饮食+PS 的患者总胆固醇（分别降低 6.7%和 5.5%）、LDL 胆固醇（分别降低 9.6%和 7.0%）、非 HDL 胆固醇（分别降低 12.2%和 8.9%）和载脂蛋白 B-100/载脂蛋白 A-I 比值（分别降低 11.5%和 11.6%）均相似。在遵循健康饮食的患者中，β-胡萝卜素浓度升高 26.9%，而接受自由饮食+PS 的患者β-胡萝卜素和番茄红素水平分别下降 21.0%和 22.8%。健康饮食+PS 组的类胡萝卜素水平没有变化。综上所述，PS 对脂蛋白谱的疗效不受饱和脂肪或膳食胆固醇摄入量的影响，这证实了健康饮食疗法在改善 PS 对类胡萝卜素水平的负面影响方面的积极作用。
