在埃塞俄比亚西北部贡德尔大学教学医院的献血者中 HIV、HBV、HCV 和梅毒感染的血清流行率：五年期间的下降趋势。
Seroprevalence of HIV, HBV, HCV and syphilis infections among blood donors at Gondar University Teaching Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia: declining trends over a period of five years.
机构信息
Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
出版信息
BMC Infect Dis. 2010 May 10;10:111. doi: 10.1186/1471-2334-10-111.
BACKGROUND
Transfusion-transmissible infectious agents such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and syphilis are among the greatest threats to blood safety for the recipient. This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence, risk factors and trends of HIV, HBV, HCV and syphilis infections among blood donors over a period of five years at Gondar University Teaching Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia.
METHODS
A retrospective analysis of consecutive blood donors' records covering the period between January 2003 and December 2007 was conducted. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine risk factors associated with HIV, HBV, HCV and syphilis infections.
RESULTS
From the total of 6361 consecutive blood donors, 607 (9.5%) had serological evidence of infection with at least one pathogen and 50 (0.8%) had multiple infections. The overall seroprevalence of HIV, HBV, HCV and syphilis was 3.8%, 4.7%, 0.7%, and 1.3% respectively. Among those with multiple infections, the most common combinations were HIV-syphilis 19 (38%) and HIV-HBV 17 (34%). The seropositivity of HIV was significantly increased among female blood donors, first time donors, housewives, merchants, soldiers, drivers and construction workers. Significantly increased HBV seropositivity was observed among farmers, first time donors and age groups of 26 - 35 and 36 - 45 years. Similarly, the seroprevalence of syphilis was significantly increased among daily labourers and construction workers. Statistically significant association was observed between syphilis and HIV infections, and HCV and HIV infections. Moreover, significantly declining trends of HIV, HCV and syphilis seropositivity were observed over the study period.
CONCLUSIONS
A substantial percentage of the blood donors harbour HIV, HBV, HCV and syphilis infections. Strict selection of blood donors and comprehensive screening of donors' blood using standard methods are highly recommended to ensure the safety of blood for recipient.
背景
输血传播的传染病病原体，如人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）、乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）、丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）和梅毒螺旋体，是受血者血液安全的最大威胁之一。本研究旨在确定在埃塞俄比亚西北部贡德尔大学教学医院的五年间，献血者中 HIV、HBV、HCV 和梅毒螺旋体感染的血清流行率、危险因素和趋势。
方法
对 2003 年 1 月至 2007 年 12 月期间连续献血者记录进行回顾性分析。使用逻辑回归分析确定与 HIV、HBV、HCV 和梅毒螺旋体感染相关的危险因素。
结果
在总共 6361 名连续献血者中，有 607 名（9.5%）至少有一种病原体的血清学证据表明感染，50 名（0.8%）有多种感染。HIV、HBV、HCV 和梅毒螺旋体的总血清流行率分别为 3.8%、4.7%、0.7%和 1.3%。在多重感染者中，最常见的组合是 HIV-梅毒螺旋体 19 例（38%）和 HIV-HBV 17 例（34%）。女性献血者、首次献血者、家庭主妇、商人、士兵、司机和建筑工人的 HIV 血清阳性率显著增加。农民、首次献血者和 26-35 岁及 36-45 岁年龄组的 HBV 血清阳性率显著增加。同样，梅毒螺旋体的患病率在临时工和建筑工人中显著增加。梅毒螺旋体与 HIV 感染之间以及 HCV 和 HIV 感染之间存在显著的关联。此外，在研究期间，HIV、HCV 和梅毒螺旋体血清阳性率呈显著下降趋势。
结论
大量献血者携带 HIV、HBV、HCV 和梅毒螺旋体感染。强烈建议严格选择献血者，并使用标准方法对献血者的血液进行全面筛查，以确保受血者的血液安全。
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