MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2010 May 14;59(18):545-50.
In 1988, an estimated 350,000 cases of poliomyelitis were occurring annually worldwide. By 2005, because of global vaccination efforts, indigenous transmission of wild poliovirus (WPV) types 1 and 3 (WPV1 and WPV3) had been eliminated from all but four countries (Afghanistan, India, Nigeria, and Pakistan). No cases of WPV type 2 have been reported since 1999. This report describes progress toward global WPV eradication during 2009 and updates previous reports. During 2009 a total of 1,606 cases of WPV infection were reported, compared with 1,651 in 2008. WPV3 incidence increased 67%, to 1,124 cases, compared with 675 in 2008. However, WPV1 incidence decreased 51%, to 482 cases in 2009, compared with 976 cases in 2008. In India, nearly all polio cases in 2009 were reported in high-risk districts in western Uttar Pradesh and central Bihar. In Afghanistan and Pakistan, WPV circulation in high-risk districts continued because of difficulties vaccinating children in conflict-affected areas and operational limitations in parts of Pakistan. In Nigeria, cases decreased by 51%, to 388 cases in 2009, compared with 798 in 2008. During 2009, outbreaks from importation of WPV affected 19 previously polio-free African countries. Two key steps are needed to make further progress in polio eradication: 1) addressing local barriers to interrupting transmission, and 2) using bivalent oral poliovirus vaccine (bOPV) broadly for WPV 1 and 3 in supplemental immunization activities (SIAs).
1988 年，全世界每年估计有 35 万例脊髓灰质炎病例。到 2005 年，由于全球疫苗接种工作，除四个国家（阿富汗、印度、尼日利亚和巴基斯坦）外，野生脊髓灰质炎病毒（WPV）1 型和 3 型（WPV1 和 WPV3）的本土传播已被消灭。自 1999 年以来，没有报告 WPV 2 型病例。本报告介绍了 2009 年全球消灭 WPV 的进展情况，并更新了以往的报告。2009 年共报告 WPV 感染病例 1606 例，而 2008 年为 1651 例。WPV3 的发病率增加了 67%，达到 1124 例，而 2008 年为 675 例。然而，WPV1 的发病率下降了 51%，2009 年为 482 例，而 2008 年为 976 例。在印度，2009 年几乎所有的脊灰病例都发生在北方邦西部和比哈尔邦中部的高危地区。在阿富汗和巴基斯坦，由于在受冲突影响地区为儿童接种疫苗存在困难以及巴基斯坦部分地区行动受限，高危地区 WPV 的传播仍在继续。在尼日利亚，病例减少了 51%，2009 年为 388 例，而 2008 年为 798 例。2009 年，WPV 的输入性暴发影响了 19 个以前无脊灰的非洲国家。在消灭脊灰方面取得进一步进展需要采取两个关键步骤：1）解决阻断传播的地方障碍，2）在补充免疫活动中广泛使用二价口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗（bOPV）针对 WPV1 和 3。
