Department of Pneumology & Allergy, Medical Clinics I, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Erlanger Allee 101, D-07740 Jena, Germany.
Expert Rev Clin Immunol. 2009 May;5(3):239-49. doi: 10.1586/eci.09.1.
The Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA), founded in 1993, embodies a network of public health organizations and medical societies, as well as other individuals concerned with asthma. Its first report, published in 1995 and entitled 'A Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention', has been widely adopted, providing the foundation for asthma guidelines in many nations across the world. To this effect, the report has not only been translated into several languages but has also been frequently updated. Since its establishment 15 years ago, GINA has undergone two major paradigm shifts. The first was the change in the late 1990s from an opinion- to an evidence-based approach for the management of asthma severity. The second, an even more radical shift, was seen in 2006, when the revised GINA guidelines involved the classification of asthma severity according to the level of control as a guide to treatment. In order to classify asthma control, elements such as the significance of the partnership between the patient and caregiver, patient education, guided self-management and treatment goals were introduced. In addition to compiling guidelines and reports for the management of asthma, GINA is actively involved in organizing and coordinating the World Asthma Day, regional initiatives and GINA symposia. On the whole, during the 15 years since their original publication in 1995, the GINA guidelines have provided the basis for many national asthma strategies around the world. This course is most likely to continue in the future. In this paper, the history of the development of the guidelines and other issues regarding the GINA project will be addressed.
全球哮喘倡议 (GINA) 成立于 1993 年，是一个由公共卫生组织和医学协会以及其他关注哮喘的个人组成的网络。其第一份报告于 1995 年发布，题为《全球哮喘管理和预防策略》，已被广泛采用，为世界许多国家的哮喘指南提供了基础。为此，该报告不仅被翻译成多种语言，而且还经常更新。自 15 年前成立以来，GINA 经历了两次重大范式转变。第一次是在 20 世纪 90 年代末，从基于意见的方法转变为基于证据的方法来管理哮喘严重程度。第二次是在 2006 年，更为激进的转变是，修订后的 GINA 指南根据控制水平将哮喘严重程度分类作为治疗指南。为了对哮喘控制进行分类，引入了患者和护理人员之间合作的重要性、患者教育、指导自我管理和治疗目标等因素。除了为哮喘管理编写指南和报告外，GINA 还积极参与组织和协调世界哮喘日、区域倡议和 GINA 研讨会。总的来说，自 1995 年首次发布以来的 15 年中，GINA 指南为世界许多国家的哮喘策略提供了基础。这种情况在未来很可能会继续。本文将介绍指南的发展历史以及 GINA 项目的其他问题。
