Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Complutense, Campus de Somosaguas, 28223 Madrid, Spain.
Span J Psychol. 2010 May;13(1):343-52. doi: 10.1017/s1138741600003905.
Differences and similarities between 130 volunteers who remain for more than eight years in the same non-profit organization and 110 volunteers who quit during the first year were analyzed in this paper. Both groups were chosen from a sample of 851 volunteers that were working as volunteers when we assessed the independent variables (Time 1). After a 12-month follow-up (Time 2), 209 (25%) of them had dropped out and 642 (75%) continued in the same organization. Using the previous time, we formed two groups made up of those who dropped out and had been in the organization less than a year and those who continued and had been in the organization more than 8 years. Results show that differences and similarities between both groups are coherent with the three-stage model of volunteer's duration (Chacón, Vecina, & Dávila, 2007). This model includes the functional approach of volunteers' motivations (Clary & Snyder, 1991), and the role identity approach (Callero, 1985), and indicates that people will remain as volunteers insofar as this satisfies the motivations that are relevant for them at the first stage, they develop organizational commitment at the second stage, and they develop role identity as volunteers at the third stage. More specifically, results show that it is possible to predict 85% of the cases correctly using seven variables. Volunteers who remain after eight years feel a higher level of emotional exhaustion, a higher level of organizational commitment, and a strong role identity as volunteers. They are also highly satisfied with the friendships in the organization and have a stronger intention to remain at the long-term (2 years).
本文分析了在同一家非营利组织中工作超过 8 年的 130 名志愿者和第一年离职的 110 名志愿者之间的差异和相似之处。这两组志愿者都是从 851 名志愿者样本中选择的，这些志愿者在我们评估自变量时（第 1 次）是志愿者。在 12 个月的随访（第 2 次）后，其中 209 人（25%）退出，642 人（75%）继续留在同一家组织。利用之前的时间，我们将那些退出且在组织中工作不满一年的人和那些继续留在组织中且工作超过 8 年的人组成了两个小组。结果表明，两组之间的差异和相似之处与志愿者持续时间的三阶段模型（Chacón、Vecina 和 Dávila，2007）是一致的。该模型包括志愿者动机的功能方法（Clary 和 Snyder，1991）和角色认同方法（Callero，1985），并表明只要志愿者的动机在第一阶段对他们有意义，他们就会继续作为志愿者，他们在第二阶段发展组织承诺，在第三阶段发展志愿者角色认同。更具体地说，结果表明，使用七个变量可以正确预测 85%的案例。在八年之后仍然留下来的志愿者感到更高水平的情绪耗竭、更高水平的组织承诺和强烈的志愿者角色认同。他们也对组织中的友谊非常满意，并且有更强的长期（2 年）留任意愿。
