Department of Biochemistry, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA.
Trends Biotechnol. 2010 Jul;28(7):340-5. doi: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2010.04.003. Epub 2010 May 17.
Enzymes offer cheap, environmentally responsible and highly efficient alternatives to chemical catalysts. The past two decades have seen a significant rise in the use of enzymes in industrial settings. Although many natural enzymes have been modified through protein engineering to better suit practical applications, these approaches are often insufficient. A key goal of enzyme engineers is to build enzymes de novo - or, 'from scratch'. To date, several technologies have been developed to achieve this goal: namely, computational design, catalytic antibodies and mRNA display. These methods rely on different principles, trading off rational protein design against an entirely combinatorial approach of directed evolution of vast protein libraries. The aim of this article is to review and compare these methods and their potential for generating truly de novo biocatalysts.
酶为化学催化剂提供了廉价、环保且高效的替代品。在过去的二十年中，酶在工业领域的应用显著增加。尽管许多天然酶已经通过蛋白质工程进行了修饰，以更好地适应实际应用，但这些方法往往还不够。酶工程师的一个关键目标是从头开始构建酶，也就是“从零开始”。迄今为止，已经开发了几种技术来实现这一目标：即计算设计、催化抗体和 mRNA 展示。这些方法依赖于不同的原理，在理性的蛋白质设计和针对庞大蛋白质文库的定向进化的完全组合方法之间进行权衡。本文的目的是综述和比较这些方法及其生成真正从头开始的生物催化剂的潜力。
