Urberg K A, Cheng C H, Shyu S J
Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202.
Addict Behav. 1991;16(1-2):21-8. doi: 10.1016/0306-4603(91)90036-h.
The effects of peer influence on adolescent cigarette smoking were investigated in longitudinal study of 309 white, middle-class subjects in the 8th and 11th grades. Subjects provided data on their smoking behavior, the proportion of their friends who smoked, and the identity of their best friend. Data from the person named as best friend was used to measure peer smoking, rather than the adolescent's perceptions of the friend's smoking. Peer influence was defined as the difference between the subject's smoking behavior and that of their best friend. This definition (PI1) minimized the confounding of peer influence with selective association. The effects of peer influence on change in smoking behavior were found to be stronger for 8th than 11th graders and for boys than girls. When the proportion of friends who smoke (PI2) was used as the measure of peer influence, the effects of peer influence were stronger for 11th than 8th graders. The relative merits of the two measures are discussed, and the argument is made that the difference between friend and adolescent smoking is a more appropriate measure of peer influence than the proportion of friends who smoke.
在一项针对309名八年级和十一年级白人中产阶级学生的纵向研究中，对同伴影响青少年吸烟的情况进行了调查。研究对象提供了他们的吸烟行为、吸烟朋友的比例以及他们最好朋友的身份等数据。被指定为最好朋友的人的数据被用来衡量同伴吸烟情况，而不是青少年对朋友吸烟情况的认知。同伴影响被定义为研究对象的吸烟行为与其最好朋友的吸烟行为之间的差异。这个定义（PI1）将同伴影响与选择性交往的混淆降到了最低。研究发现，同伴影响对吸烟行为变化的影响在八年级学生中比在十一年级学生中更强，在男孩中比在女孩中更强。当用吸烟朋友的比例（PI2）作为同伴影响的衡量标准时，同伴影响在十一年级学生中比在八年级学生中更强。文中讨论了这两种衡量标准的相对优点，并提出观点认为，朋友与青少年吸烟情况之间的差异比吸烟朋友的比例更适合作为同伴影响的衡量标准。
