Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
Mol Microbiol. 2010 Feb;75(4):795-800. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2009.07035.x.
Mitochondria are critical for supplying energy to the cell, but during catabolism this organelle also produces reactive oxygen species that can cause oxidative damage. Accordingly, quality control of mitochondria is important to maintain cellular homeostasis. It has been assumed that autophagy is the pathway for mitochondrial recycling, and that the selective degradation of mitochondria via autophagy (mitophagy) is the primary mechanism for mitochondrial quality control, although there is little experimental evidence to support this idea. Recent studies in yeast identified several mitophagy-related genes and have uncovered components involved in the molecular mechanism and regulation of mitophagy. Similarly, studies of Parkinson disease and reticulocyte maturation reveal that Parkin and Nix, respectively, are required for mitophagy in mammalian cells, and these analyses have revealed important physiological roles for mitophagy. Here, we review the current knowledge on mitophagy, in particular on the molecular mechanism and regulation of mitophagy in yeast. We also discuss some of the differences between yeast and mammalian mitophagy.
线粒体对于为细胞提供能量至关重要，但在分解代谢过程中，这个细胞器也会产生活性氧物种，从而导致氧化损伤。因此，线粒体的质量控制对于维持细胞内稳态非常重要。人们一直认为自噬是线粒体回收的途径，通过自噬（自噬）选择性降解线粒体是线粒体质量控制的主要机制，尽管很少有实验证据支持这一观点。最近在酵母中的研究确定了几个与线粒体自噬相关的基因，并揭示了参与线粒体自噬的分子机制和调节的成分。同样，帕金森病和网织红细胞成熟的研究表明，Parkin 和 Nix 分别是哺乳动物细胞中线粒体自噬所必需的，这些分析揭示了线粒体自噬的重要生理作用。在这里，我们综述了线粒体自噬的最新知识，特别是酵母中线粒体自噬的分子机制和调节。我们还讨论了酵母和哺乳动物线粒体自噬之间的一些差异。
