Department Pathology & Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Semin Thromb Hemost. 2010 Apr;36(3):246-64. doi: 10.1055/s-0030-1253448. Epub 2010 May 20.
Microvascular endothelial cells play an essential role in inflammatory diseases. Functional heterogeneity between microvascular segments in normal organ homeostasis has been appreciated for a long time, and more recent studies have revealed heterogeneity in endothelial reactivity to inflammatory stimuli as well. This review summarizes the state-of-the-art knowledge regarding endothelial cell responses to the proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-1beta, and the bacterial product lipopolysaccharide. It focuses on similarities and differences in reactivity between endothelial cell subsets in vitro and endothelial cells in their pathophysiological environment in vivo, and culminates into a mainly theoretical model of possible intracellular control mechanisms that can assist to ultimately explain the molecular causes of endothelial heterogeneity. The last part of this review contains some pharmacological considerations, and, with the aim to further unravel the molecular basis of in vivo endothelial heterogeneity, descriptions of new techniques that will be essential to achieve this.
微血管内皮细胞在炎症性疾病中起着至关重要的作用。在正常器官稳态中，不同微血管段之间的功能异质性已经被长期认识，而最近的研究也揭示了内皮细胞对炎症刺激的反应性存在异质性。这篇综述总结了关于内皮细胞对促炎细胞因子肿瘤坏死因子-α、白细胞介素-1β和细菌产物脂多糖反应的最新知识。它侧重于体外内皮细胞亚群和体内生理病理环境中内皮细胞反应的相似性和差异性，并最终形成一个可能的细胞内控制机制的理论模型，这有助于最终解释内皮细胞异质性的分子原因。这篇综述的最后一部分包含了一些药理学考虑因素，并且，为了进一步揭示体内内皮细胞异质性的分子基础，描述了一些新的技术，这些技术对于实现这一目标至关重要。
