Thompson L J, Hall J O, Meerdink G L
Diagnostic Laboratory, New York State College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca.
Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract. 1991 Mar;7(1):277-306. doi: 10.1016/s0749-0720(15)30818-5.
Excesses of many trace elements can cause direct toxic effects to cattle as well as indirect effects that can cause a secondary deficiency of other trace elements. Clinical signs may vary from poor growth and feed utilization to neurologic disorders. Toxic effects vary with the specific trace element in question, the total amount of that element in the diet, the age and condition of the animal, and the presence or absence of certain other dietary components. A diagnosis of toxic trace element interaction is based upon compatible clinical signs in affected animals as well as supporting chemical analyses.
许多微量元素过量会对牛产生直接毒性作用，以及可能导致其他微量元素继发性缺乏的间接作用。临床症状可能从生长发育不良和饲料利用率低下到神经紊乱不等。毒性作用因所涉及的特定微量元素、日粮中该元素的总量、动物的年龄和状况以及某些其他日粮成分的有无而异。对有毒微量元素相互作用的诊断基于受影响动物的相符临床症状以及辅助化学分析。
