Centre for Biosystems Genomics (CBSG), Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University, Binnenhaven 5, 6709 PD Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Mol Plant Pathol. 2006 Mar 1;7(2):71-86. doi: 10.1111/j.1364-3703.2006.00323.x.
Verticillium spp. are soil-borne plant pathogens responsible for Verticillium wilt diseases in temperate and subtropical regions; collectively they affect over 200 hosts, including many economically important crops. There are currently no fungicides available to cure plants once they are infected.
Kingdom: Fungi, phylum: Ascomycota, subphylum, Pezizomycotina, class: Sordariomycetes, order: Phyllachorales, genus: Verticillium. Host range and disease symptoms: Over 200 mainly dicotyledonous species including herbaceous annuals, perennials and woody species are host to Verticillium diseases. As Verticillium symptoms can vary between hosts, there are no unique symptoms that belong to all plants infected by this fungus. Disease symptoms may comprise wilting, chlorosis, stunting, necrosis and vein clearing. Brown vascular discoloration may be observed in stem tissue cross-sections. Pathogenicity: Verticillium spp. have been reported to produce cell-wall-degrading enzymes and phytotoxins that all have been implicated in symptom development. Nevertheless, evidence for a crucial role of toxins in pathogenicity is inconsistent and therefore not generally accepted. Microsclerotia and melanized mycelium play an important role in the disease cycle as they are a major inoculum source and are the primary long-term survival structures. Resistance: Different defence responses in the prevascular and the vascular stage of Verticillium wilt diseases determine resistance. Although resistance physiology is well established, the molecular processes underlying this physiology remain largely unknown. Resistance against Verticillium largely depends on the isolation of the fungus in contained parts of the xylem tissues followed by subsequent elimination of the fungus. Although genetic resistance has been described in several plant species, only one resistance locus against Verticillium has been cloned to date. Useful website: http://cbr-rbc.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/services/cogeme/
青霉菌是一种土壤传播的植物病原体，可导致温带和亚热带地区的青枯病；它们共同影响着 200 多种宿主，包括许多经济上重要的作物。目前，一旦植物受到感染，就没有杀菌剂可以治愈它们。
王国：真菌界，门：子囊菌门，亚门：散囊菌亚门，纲：核菌纲，目：丛梗孢目，科：尾孢科。 宿主范围和疾病症状： 超过 200 种主要的双子叶植物包括草本一年生植物、多年生植物和木本植物都是青枯病的宿主。由于青枯病的症状在不同的宿主之间可能有所不同，因此没有一种独特的症状属于所有被这种真菌感染的植物。疾病症状可能包括萎蔫、黄化、发育不良、坏死和叶脉清晰。在茎组织的横切面上可能会观察到棕色的维管束变色。致病性： 已报道青霉菌会产生细胞壁降解酶和植物毒素，这些都与症状的发展有关。然而，毒素在致病性中的关键作用的证据并不一致，因此并不被普遍接受。小菌核和黑化菌丝体在病害循环中起着重要作用，因为它们是主要的接种源，也是主要的长期生存结构。 抗性： 在青枯病的预血管和血管阶段的不同防御反应决定了抗性。尽管抗性生理学已经得到很好的确立，但这一生理学背后的分子过程在很大程度上仍然未知。对青霉菌的抗性主要取决于将真菌隔离在木质部组织的封闭部分，然后随后消除真菌。虽然在几种植物物种中已经描述了遗传抗性，但迄今为止，只有一个针对青枯病的抗性基因座被克隆。 有用的网站：http://cbr-rbc.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/services/cogeme/
