Ebrahimi Majid, Roudkenar Mehryar Habibi, Imani Fooladi Abbas Ali, Halabian Raheleh, Ghanei Mostafa, Kondo Hisatake, Nourani Mohammad Reza
Chemical Injury Research Center (CIRC), Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 114359-44711, Iran.
J Biomed Biotechnol. 2010;2010:823131. doi: 10.1155/2010/823131. Epub 2010 May 20.
Sulfur mustard (SM) is a potent vesicant that has been employed as a chemical weapon in various conflicts during the 20th century. More recently, mustard was used in the Iraq conflict against Iranian troops and civilians. At the present time there are more than 40.000 people suffering from pulmonary lesions special bronchiolitis obliterans (BOs) due to mustard gas. SM increases the endogenous production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Neutrophil Gelatinase-associated Lipocalin 2 (Lcn2, NGAL) is a member of the lipocalin superfamily for which a variety of functions such as cellular protection against oxidative stress have been reported. Ten normal and Twenty SM-induced COPD patient individuals were studied. Assessment of NGAL expressions in healthy and the patients endobrinchial biopsies were performed by semiquantitative RT-PCR, real-time RT-PCR, and Immunohistochemistry analysis. While Normal control samples expressed same level of mRNA NGAL, expression level of mRNA-NGAL was upregulated about 1.4- to 9.8-folds compared to normal samples. No significant immunoreactivity was revealed in both samples. As we are aware this is the first report of induction of NGAL in patients exposed to SM. NGAL may play an important role in cellular protection against oxidative stress toxicity induced by mustard gas in airway wall of patients.
硫芥（SM）是一种强力糜烂性毒剂，在20世纪的各种冲突中被用作化学武器。最近，芥子气在伊拉克冲突中被用于对付伊朗军队和平民。目前，有超过40000人因芥子气而患有肺部病变，特别是闭塞性细支气管炎（BOs）。SM会增加活性氧（ROS）的内源性产生。中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质运载蛋白2（Lcn2，NGAL）是脂质运载蛋白超家族的成员，据报道其具有多种功能，如细胞对氧化应激的保护作用。对10名正常人和20名SM诱导的慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）患者进行了研究。通过半定量逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）、实时RT-PCR和免疫组织化学分析，评估健康人和患者支气管活检组织中NGAL的表达。正常对照样本中NGAL的mRNA表达水平相同，与正常样本相比，mRNA-NGAL的表达水平上调了约1.4至9.8倍。两个样本均未显示出明显的免疫反应性。据我们所知，这是首次报道暴露于SM的患者中NGAL的诱导情况。NGAL可能在细胞保护患者气道壁免受芥子气诱导的氧化应激毒性方面发挥重要作用。
