The Manzanar Project Foundation, 27 Cedar St., Wenham, MA 01984, USA.
In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim. 2010 Jul;46(7):590-4. doi: 10.1007/s11626-010-9315-1. Epub 2010 May 29.
Lack of tissue-specific differentiated functions of cells in tissue culture, once thought to be due to "dedifferentiation", was shown to be due to selective overgrowth of fibroblasts by a series of simple experiments that challenged the prevailing dogma. Following this insight, enrichment culture techniques (alternate animal and culture passage) were designed to give functionally differentiated tumor cells selective advantage over the fibroblasts. These experiments resulted in the derivation of a large number of functionally differentiated clonal strains of a range of cell types, providing the final point of destruction of the dogma of "dedifferentiation." Instead, the hypothesis was proposed that cells in culture accurately represent cells in vivo, but without the complex in vivo environment. With the development of hormonally defined media and its combination with functionally differentiated clonal cell lines, this concept has been strengthened and the potential of tissue culture studies has been greatly augmented. Hormonally defined media allow the culture of cell types that cannot be grown in conventional, serum-supplemented media. These approaches demonstrate that hormonal responses and dependencies can be discovered in culture. Following this thinking and the discovery of hormonal dependencies of cancer cells has led to a new rationale for therapy. Tissue culture and cell technology continue to play an important role in solving human health problems.
组织培养细胞缺乏组织特异性分化功能，过去曾被认为是由于“去分化”，但一系列简单的实验挑战了当时的主流观点，表明这是由于成纤维细胞的选择性过度生长。有了这一认识，人们设计了富集培养技术（交替使用动物和培养传代），以使功能分化的肿瘤细胞相对于成纤维细胞具有选择性优势。这些实验导致了大量功能分化的克隆株系的衍生，这些克隆株系涵盖了多种细胞类型，最终打破了“去分化”的教条。相反，提出了这样的假设，即在培养中的细胞准确地代表了体内的细胞，但没有复杂的体内环境。随着激素定义培养基的发展及其与功能分化的克隆细胞系的结合，这一概念得到了加强，组织培养研究的潜力大大增强。激素定义的培养基允许培养在常规的、添加血清的培养基中无法生长的细胞类型。这些方法表明，在培养中可以发现激素反应和依赖性。基于这种思路，以及对癌细胞激素依赖性的发现，为治疗提供了新的依据。组织培养和细胞技术在解决人类健康问题方面继续发挥着重要作用。
