Bouwman H, Cooppan R M, Becker P J, Ngxongo S
Research Institute for Environmental Diseases, Medical Research Council, Pretoria, Republic of South Africa.
J Toxicol Environ Health. 1991 Jun;33(2):141-55. doi: 10.1080/15287399109531514.
Concentrations of p,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDE, and p,p'-DDD were determined in serum of members of households of two different areas of KwaZulu. Annual intradomiciliary application of DDT is used for the interruption of malaria transmission in one area (the exposed group) while the other served as the control. Demographic differences between the two groups resulted in significantly more females in the control group. The two groups were comparable with respect to age. Serum from household members living in DDT-treated dwellings had significantly higher (p less than .005) levels of sigma DDT and metabolites (mean sigma DDT 140.9 micrograms/l) than those from the control area (mean sigma DDT 6.04 micrograms/l). Percentage DDT was also significantly higher (p less than .05) in the exposed group (28.9%) than the control group (8.3%). sigma DDT for the 3-10 yr age interval (168.6 micrograms/l) was significantly higher (p less than .05) than the 20-29 (60.5 micrograms/l) and 30-39 (84.2 micrograms/l) yr age intervals. There seemed to be two groups with regard to accumulation and elimination. The age group 3-29 appeared to be eliminating DDT, most likely accumulated from contaminated breast milk, faster than they accumulated it. From around 29 yr of age accumulation predominated as the levels increased with age. Regression analysis suggested pharmacokinetic differences for DDE and DDT between the two groups. Liver function parameters between the two groups only differed significantly for gamma-glutamyl transferase (gamma GT) (p less than .005), but the influence of difference in alcohol consumption, which was significantly higher in the exposed group (p less than .0001), offered a better explanation. Those of the exposed group that consumed alcohol had a significantly higher (p less than .05) mean gamma GT level (41.5 IU/l) than those that did not (20.2 IU/l), but were not significantly different for sigma DDT (p greater than .05). The safety of DDT used in malaria control for subjects aged 3 and older was confirmed by the levels of DDT in serum when compared with other studies, which showed lack of any negative effects associated with these levels in adults, and an apparently normal liver function in the exposed and control groups.
在夸祖鲁两个不同地区的家庭中，对家庭成员血清中的对，对'-滴滴涕（p,p'-DDT）、对，对'-滴滴伊（p,p'-DDE）和对，对'-滴滴滴（p,p'-DDD）浓度进行了测定。在一个地区（暴露组），每年在室内使用滴滴涕以阻断疟疾传播，而另一个地区作为对照组。两组在人口统计学上存在差异，对照组中的女性明显更多。两组在年龄方面具有可比性。居住在经滴滴涕处理房屋中的家庭成员的血清中，总滴滴涕及其代谢物的水平（总滴滴涕平均为140.9微克/升）显著高于对照组地区（总滴滴涕平均为6.04微克/升）（p<0.005）。暴露组中滴滴涕的百分比（28.9%）也显著高于对照组（8.3%）（p<0.05）。3至10岁年龄组的总滴滴涕水平（168.6微克/升）显著高于20至29岁（60.5微克/升）和30至39岁（84.2微克/升）年龄组（p<0.05）。在积累和消除方面似乎存在两组情况。3至29岁年龄组似乎在消除滴滴涕，很可能是从受污染的母乳中积累的滴滴涕，其消除速度比积累速度快。从大约29岁开始，随着年龄增长，积累占主导地位，水平随之升高。回归分析表明两组之间滴滴伊和滴滴涕的药代动力学存在差异。两组之间的肝功能参数仅在γ-谷氨酰转移酶（γGT）方面存在显著差异（p<0.005），但暴露组中酒精消费量显著更高（p<0.0001），这一差异提供了更好的解释。暴露组中饮酒者的平均γGT水平（41.5国际单位/升）显著高于不饮酒者（20.2国际单位/升）（p<0.05），但在总滴滴涕方面无显著差异（p>0.05）。与其他研究相比，血清中滴滴涕水平证实了3岁及以上受试者使用滴滴涕控制疟疾的安全性，其他研究表明这些水平在成年人中未显示出任何负面影响，且暴露组和对照组的肝功能明显正常。
