Haman Francois, Blondin Denis P, Imbeault Marie-Andree, Maneshi Anali
Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa and Behavioral and Metabolic Research Unit, Montfort Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Front Biosci (Schol Ed). 2010 Jun 1;2(3):1155-68. doi: 10.2741/s124.
This review examines the heat production component of thermoregulation in adult humans. It describes the energy requirements of shivering muscles as they attempt to provide sufficient heat to counterbalance increases in heat loss in cold environments. Emphasis is placed on types of metabolic substrates used under various shivering conditions as well as on the effects energy deficit and food consumption. During shivering, muscle recruitment intensity and pattern of fiber recruitment are highly variable between muscles and individuals. In addition, a number of studies have indicated that shivering can be sustained with different fuels for several hours under variable conditions of cold stress and CHO availability. However, little is still known on the effects of prolonged fasting and energy deficit in the cold on energy metabolism. Even though it is clear that food consumption increases the odds for survival, the metabolic fate of ingested substrates remains highly uncertain. Combining fundamental principles surrounding metabolic fuel selection with applied knowledge of human performance in the cold may allow important breakthroughs in this field of research.
本综述探讨了成年人体温调节中的产热成分。它描述了颤抖肌肉的能量需求，这些肌肉试图产生足够的热量来抵消寒冷环境中热量损失的增加。重点关注了在各种颤抖条件下所使用的代谢底物类型，以及能量不足和食物摄入的影响。在颤抖过程中，肌肉募集强度和纤维募集模式在不同肌肉和个体之间差异很大。此外，一些研究表明，在不同的冷应激和碳水化合物可用性条件下，颤抖可以由不同的燃料维持数小时。然而，关于长时间禁食和寒冷环境中的能量不足对能量代谢的影响，我们仍然知之甚少。尽管很明显食物摄入会增加生存几率，但摄入底物的代谢去向仍然高度不确定。将围绕代谢燃料选择的基本原理与寒冷环境中人类表现的应用知识相结合，可能会在这一研究领域取得重要突破。
