成人和 2 至 9 个月大婴儿的耳道宽带声传递函数。
Ear-canal wideband acoustic transfer functions of adults and two- to nine-month-old infants.
机构信息
Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98105-6246, USA.
出版信息
Ear Hear. 2010 Oct;31(5):587-98. doi: 10.1097/AUD.0b013e3181e0381d.
OBJECTIVES
Wideband acoustic transfer functions (WATF) measured in the ear canal have been shown to be effective in the diagnosis of middle ear dysfunction in adults and in newborn infants. Although these measures would be diagnostically useful in older infants, normative data on a large number of older infants are lacking. The goal of this study was to provide such normative data.
DESIGN
The WATF of 458 infants aged 2 to 9 mos and of 210 adults were obtained. Wideband reactance (X), resistance (R), and energy reflectance (ER) were measured in third-octave bands between 250 and 8000 Hz. The effects of age and gender on the WATF were examined, and the WATF in the left and right ears were compared. Test-retest reliability was assessed, and the relationship between the 226-Hz tympanogram and the WATF was examined.
RESULTS
The results agreed well with previous reports testing fewer subjects, which documented age-related change in these measures during infancy and between infancy and adulthood. Test-retest correlations within third octaves were 0.5 to 0.7 at best, but did not vary systematically with age. Infants' test-retest absolute differences within third octaves for R and ER were similar to those of adults. The shape of the WATF on retest was highly repeatable, and the shapes of the WATF in the ears of the same individual were qualitatively similar. The wideband impedance results were not different in the left and right ears, but ER was slightly, but significantly, lower in the left ear than that in the right ear. Resistance and reactance magnitude were greater for females than males, but there was no effect of gender on ER. Infants whose 226-Hz tympanogram indicated reduced peak admittance (Types As and B) had greater resistance and reactance magnitude than those with normal peak admittance (Types A and C), but no tympanometry group differences were evident in ER.
CONCLUSIONS
Age-graded norms are essential to the successful clinical application of WATF. However, the effects of gender and laterality on the WATF are small.
目的
在耳道中测量的宽带声传递函数（WATF）已被证明在成年人和新生儿中耳功能障碍的诊断中有效。尽管这些测量方法在较大的婴儿中具有诊断价值，但缺乏大量较大婴儿的规范数据。本研究的目的是提供此类规范数据。
设计
获得了 458 名 2 至 9 个月大的婴儿和 210 名成年人的 WATF。在 250 至 8000 Hz 的第三倍频程频段内测量宽带电抗（X）、电阻（R）和能量反射率（ER）。研究了年龄和性别对 WATF 的影响，并比较了左右耳的 WATF。评估了测试-重测的可靠性，并研究了 226 Hz 鼓室图与 WATF 的关系。
结果
结果与以前的报告一致，该报告测试了较少的受试者，记录了这些在婴儿期和婴儿期到成年期之间的变化。在第三倍频程内的测试-重测相关性最好为 0.5 到 0.7，但与年龄没有系统的变化。婴儿在第三倍频程内的测试-重测绝对差异在 R 和 ER 上与成人相似。在重测时，WATF 的形状高度可重复，同一人的双耳的 WATF 形状在质量上相似。双耳的宽带阻抗结果没有差异，但左耳的 ER 略低于右耳。女性的电阻和电抗值大于男性，但 ER 没有性别影响。226 Hz 鼓室图显示峰值导纳降低（A 型和 B 型）的婴儿比具有正常峰值导纳（A 型和 C 型）的婴儿具有更大的电阻和电抗值，但 ER 方面没有鼓室图组差异。
结论
年龄分级规范对于 WATF 的成功临床应用至关重要。然而，性别和侧别对 WATF 的影响很小。
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