Villeneuve Sylvia, Belleville Sylvie
Centre de recherche, Institut Universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal, Département de psychologie, Université de Montréal, Canada.
Psychol Neuropsychiatr Vieil. 2010 Jun;8(2):133-40. doi: 10.1684/pnv.2010.0214.
The severity of brain lesions is not a perfect predictor of the severity of cognitive deficits in age-related brain disorders, an observation which has led to the cognitive reserve hypothesis. According to this hypothesis, cognitive reserve modulates the relationship between cerebral lesions and their clinical manifestations by limiting the negative impact of cerebral lesions on cognition. Thus, individuals with high cognitive reserve could sustain a greater amount of neuropathological lesions before they reach the criteria for dementia. The goal of this review is to present and discuss the notion of cognitive reserve, a hypothesis that brings a novel perspective to the complexity of normal and pathological cognitive aging. The present article describes the neuronal mechanisms proposed to underlie cognitive reserve and the factors that increase and decrease reserve. In addition, influent studies that have measured the cognitive reserve hypothesis in clinical populations are presented.
脑损伤的严重程度并非年龄相关性脑疾病中认知缺陷严重程度的完美预测指标，这一观察结果催生了认知储备假说。根据这一假说，认知储备通过限制脑损伤对认知的负面影响来调节脑损伤与其临床表现之间的关系。因此，认知储备高的个体在达到痴呆标准之前能够承受更多的神经病理损伤。本综述的目的是介绍和讨论认知储备这一概念，该假说为正常和病理性认知老化的复杂性带来了全新视角。本文描述了被认为是认知储备基础的神经元机制以及增加和减少储备的因素。此外，还介绍了在临床人群中测量认知储备假说的有影响力的研究。
