Mhatre Molina, Hall Micki
University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA.
Consult Pharm. 2010 Jun;25(6):379-81. doi: 10.4140/TCP.n.2010.379.
The past few decades have seen an enormous increase in the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Hyperinsulinemia, hypertension, abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, and coagulation abnormalities-which contribute to insulin resistance syndrome-are major risk factors for T2DM and heart disease. Diet plays an important role in prevention of these risk factors. Recent evidence suggests an inverse relationship among calcium, vitamin D status, and dairy intake, specifically with the development of the insulin resistance syndrome and T2DM. It has been found that there is a decrease in dairy intake in the past three decades, which runs parallel with an increase in the incidence of obesity and T2DM. As our population ages, the risk of diabetes and insulin resistance will rise, so the question is whether calcium and vitamin D (D3, cholecalciferol) supplementation is necessary or is warranted at a greater or lesser degree than the current recommendations.
在过去几十年中，2型糖尿病（T2DM）的发病率大幅上升。高胰岛素血症、高血压、腹型肥胖、血脂异常和凝血异常（这些因素共同导致胰岛素抵抗综合征）是T2DM和心脏病的主要危险因素。饮食在预防这些危险因素方面起着重要作用。最近的证据表明，钙、维生素D状态和乳制品摄入量之间存在负相关关系，特别是与胰岛素抵抗综合征和T2DM的发生有关。研究发现，在过去三十年中，乳制品摄入量有所下降，这与肥胖症和T2DM发病率的上升趋势同步。随着我国人口老龄化，糖尿病和胰岛素抵抗的风险将会增加，所以问题在于补充钙和维生素D（D3，胆钙化醇）是否必要，以及是否需要比当前建议更高或更低剂量的补充。
