Department of Nutrition, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA.
Nutr Rev. 2011 May;69(5):291-5. doi: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2011.00393.x.
The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus continues to climb in many parts of the globe in association with the rise in obesity. Although the latter is clearly a predominant factor in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes, other modifiable lifestyle factors such as exercise, alcohol consumption, smoking, and certain nutritional factors, such as vitamin D deficiency, are also believed to play a role. In contrast to the findings of observational studies, information pooled from vitamin D intervention trials lack conclusive evidence in support of vitamin D supplementation and changes in diabetes risk or measures of glucose intolerance, although an effect on insulin resistance may exist. Well-designed trials that focus on intermediate biomarkers of diabetes risk in response to increased vitamin D intake are still needed. It will be important to include in the design of these studies selection of insulin-resistant study subjects who have a low (< 50 nmol/L) initial serum vitamin D (25-hydroxyvitamin D) status and administration of sufficient vitamin D to adequately increase their vitamin D status to > 75 nmol/L serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D.
2 型糖尿病的患病率在全球许多地区与肥胖率的上升呈正相关。尽管后者显然是 2 型糖尿病发病机制中的主要因素，但其他可改变的生活方式因素，如运动、饮酒、吸烟和某些营养因素，如维生素 D 缺乏，也被认为起作用。与观察性研究的结果相反，来自维生素 D 干预试验的数据汇总缺乏支持维生素 D 补充与糖尿病风险或葡萄糖耐量指标变化相关的结论性证据，尽管可能对胰岛素抵抗有影响。仍然需要设计针对增加维生素 D 摄入对糖尿病风险的中间生物标志物的良好试验。在这些研究的设计中，纳入胰岛素抵抗研究对象并选择初始血清维生素 D（25-羟维生素 D）状态较低（<50nmol/L）并给予足够的维生素 D 以将其维生素 D 状态充分增加至>75nmol/L 血清 25-羟维生素 D 是很重要的。
