Choi Hyon K, Willett Walter C, Stampfer Meir J, Rimm Eric, Hu Frank B
Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass 02114, USA.
Arch Intern Med. 2005 May 9;165(9):997-1003. doi: 10.1001/archinte.165.9.997.
Diet and lifestyle modifications can substantially reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes. While a strong inverse association has been reported between dairy consumption and the insulin resistance syndrome among young obese adults, the relation between dairy intake and type 2 diabetes is unknown.
We prospectively examined the relation between dairy intake and incident cases of type 2 diabetes in 41,254 male participants with no history of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer at baseline in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study.
During 12 years of follow-up, we documented 1243 incident cases of type 2 diabetes. Dairy intake was associated with a modestly lower risk of type 2 diabetes. After adjusting for potential confounders, including body mass index, physical activity, and dietary factors, the relative risk for type 2 diabetes in men in the top quintile of dairy intake was 0.77 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.62-0.95; P for trend, .003) compared with those in the lowest quintile. Each serving-per-day increase in total dairy intake was associated with a 9% lower risk for type 2 diabetes (multivariate relative risk, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.85-0.97). The corresponding relative risk was 0.88 (95% CI, 0.81-0.94) for low-fat dairy intake and 0.99 (95% CI, 0.91-1.07) for high-fat dairy intake. The association did not vary significantly according to body mass index (< 25 vs > or = 25 kg/m(2); P for interaction, .57).
Dietary patterns characterized by higher dairy intake, especially low-fat dairy intake, may lower the risk of type 2 diabetes in men.
饮食和生活方式的改变可大幅降低2型糖尿病的风险。虽然已有报道称，年轻肥胖成年人中乳制品摄入量与胰岛素抵抗综合征之间存在很强的负相关，但乳制品摄入量与2型糖尿病之间的关系尚不清楚。
在健康专业人员随访研究中，我们对41254名基线时无糖尿病、心血管疾病和癌症病史的男性参与者进行前瞻性研究，以探讨乳制品摄入量与2型糖尿病发病病例之间的关系。
在12年的随访期间，我们记录了1243例2型糖尿病发病病例。乳制品摄入量与2型糖尿病风险略有降低相关。在调整了包括体重指数、身体活动和饮食因素等潜在混杂因素后，乳制品摄入量处于最高五分位数的男性患2型糖尿病的相对风险为0.77（95%置信区间[CI]，0.62 - 0.95；趋势检验P值为0.003），而最低五分位数的男性相对风险为1。每日总乳制品摄入量每增加一份，患2型糖尿病的风险降低9%（多变量相对风险，0.91；95% CI，0.85 - 0.97）。低脂乳制品摄入量的相应相对风险为0.88（95% CI，0.81 - 0.94），高脂乳制品摄入量的相应相对风险为0.99（95% CI，0.91 - 1.07）。根据体重指数（<25 vs ≥25 kg/m²；交互作用P值为0.57），这种关联没有显著差异。
以较高乳制品摄入量，尤其是低脂乳制品摄入量为特征的饮食模式，可能会降低男性患2型糖尿病的风险。
