The Northern Blood Research Centre, University of Sydney, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Australia (Mr McEwen, Dr Morel-Kopp, Dr Ward)
The Departments of Haematology and Transfusion Medicine, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, Australia (Mr McEwen, Dr Morel-Kopp, Dr Ward)
Diabetes Educ. 2010 Jul-Aug;36(4):565-84. doi: 10.1177/0145721710372675. Epub 2010 Jun 9.
Diabetes and cardiovascular disease are major public health concerns worldwide and are leading causes of morbidity and mortality. People with type 2 diabetes are at an increased risk for cardiovascular disease. Diet has a substantial affect on the progression of many diseases, including diabetes, cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, and arthritis. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids [LC-PUFA]) have long been attributed to the maintenance of health and may be of benefit in reducing cardiovascular risk. The purpose of this review is to investigate the possible roles of omega-3 in reducing cardiovascular risk in patients with diabetes.
A literature search was conducted from the Medline, EBSCO, and EMBASE databases. Articles that addressed diabetes, cardiovascular disease, or omega-3 were included.
Reviews and studies reported an association with fish and omega-3 LC-PUFA consumption and decreased total cardiovascular mortality (approximately 15%-19%), along with decreased platelet activation and aggregation, improved lipid profiles, including reduction of triglycerides and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), decreased inflammation, and lowered blood pressure.
Diets higher in fish and omega-3 LC-PUFA may reduce cardiovascular risk in diabetes by inhibiting platelet aggregation, improving lipid profiles, and reducing cardiovascular mortality. Fish and omega-3 LC-PUFA can be recommended to people with diabetes and included into a diabetes management program.
糖尿病和心血管疾病是全球主要的公共卫生关注点，也是发病率和死亡率的主要原因。2 型糖尿病患者患心血管疾病的风险增加。饮食对许多疾病的进展有重大影响，包括糖尿病、心血管疾病、骨质疏松症和关节炎。ω-3 多不饱和脂肪酸（长链多不饱和脂肪酸 [LC-PUFA]）长期以来一直被认为对维持健康有益，可能有助于降低心血管风险。本综述的目的是探讨 ω-3 在降低糖尿病患者心血管风险中的可能作用。
从 Medline、EBSCO 和 EMBASE 数据库进行文献检索。纳入了涉及糖尿病、心血管疾病或 ω-3 的文章。
综述和研究报告称，鱼类和 ω-3 LC-PUFA 的摄入与总心血管死亡率的降低（约 15%-19%）相关，同时血小板的激活和聚集减少，脂质谱得到改善，包括甘油三酯和极低密度脂蛋白（VLDL）的降低，炎症减少，血压降低。
富含鱼类和 ω-3 LC-PUFA 的饮食可能通过抑制血小板聚集、改善脂质谱和降低心血管死亡率来降低糖尿病患者的心血管风险。可以向糖尿病患者推荐鱼类和 ω-3 LC-PUFA，并将其纳入糖尿病管理计划。
