Professor of Nursing, Nursing, LSUHSC School of Nursing, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
Nurs Philos. 2010 Jul;11(3):159-69. doi: 10.1111/j.1466-769X.2010.00445.x.
The likelihood of nurse reflection is examined from the theoretical perspectives of Habermas' Theory of Communicative Action and Moral Action and Sumner's Moral Construct of Caring in Nursing as Communicative Action, through a critical social theory lens. The argument is made that until the nurse reaches the developmental level of post-conventional moral maturity and/or Benner's Stage 5: expert, he or she is not capable of being inwardly directed reflective on self. The three developmental levels of moral maturity and Benner's stages are presented with discussion on whether or not there can be self-reflection because of an innate vulnerability that leads to self-protective behaviours. It is only when the confidence from mastery of practice has been achieved can the nurse be comfortable with reflection that enables him or her to become enlightened, emancipated, and empowered. The influences and constraints of the knowledge power between nurse and patient are acknowledged. The power hierarchy of the institution is recognized as constraining.
从哈贝马斯的交往行动理论和道德行动理论以及萨默尔的护理关怀道德建构的理论视角出发，通过批判性社会理论的视角来考察护士反思的可能性。本文认为，除非护士达到后习俗道德成熟的发展水平和/或本纳的第 5 阶段：专家，否则他或她无法对自我进行内在反思。本文介绍了道德成熟的三个发展阶段和本纳的五个阶段，并讨论了由于内在的脆弱性导致自我保护行为，是否能够进行自我反思。只有当从实践掌握中获得的信心得以实现时，护士才能舒适地进行反思，使他或她变得开明、解放和赋权。承认了护士和患者之间知识权力的影响和约束。认识到机构的权力等级制度是制约性的。
