Girard Martine
Service de psychiatrie, psychothérapies et art-thérapie, CHU Casselardit, TSA 40031, 31059 Toulouse, France.
Int J Psychoanal. 2010 Apr;91(2):305-24. doi: 10.1111/j.1745-8315.2009.00228.x.
In a recent paper, Fulgencio shows how Winnicott rejected the basic speculative concepts of Freud's metapsychology - Trieb, psychical apparatus and libido - and replaced them with non-speculative concepts that promoted a factual theorization. In this paper, the author examines some of Winnicott's concepts and attempts to demonstrate how, rather than replacing Freud's concepts, he provides a factual foundation for the metapsychology in the double dependence of the infant in care. Freud never actually disregards the necessity of early mothering but he takes it for granted. By differentiating between ego needs and id needs, ego-relatedness and id-relatedness, object-mother and environment-mother, Winnicott attempts to theorize what Freud takes for granted: the function of the holding environment as a framework for id-experiences and the function of object-presenting as a condition of reality-testing. Furthermore, by differentiating between pure male and pure female elements, he is also able to construct a highly speculative theorization in order to distinguish two basic principles: doing and being. Although the death drive is clearly rejected, this rejection follows from his theorization of double dependence. Consequently, the author suggests that Winnicott did not discard metapsychological concepts but theorized the conditions for using both these and the intrapsychic topography.
在最近的一篇论文中,富尔根西奥展示了温尼科特如何摒弃了弗洛伊德元心理学的基本思辨概念——驱力、心理 apparatus 和力比多——并用促进事实性理论化的非思辨概念取而代之。在本文中,作者审视了温尼科特的一些概念,并试图论证他并非取代了弗洛伊德的概念,而是在婴儿对照料的双重依赖中为元心理学提供了事实基础。弗洛伊德实际上从未忽视早期母育的必要性,而是将其视为理所当然。通过区分自我需求和本我需求、与自我相关和与本我相关、客体母亲和环境母亲,温尼科特试图将弗洛伊德视为理所当然的东西理论化:抱持环境作为本我体验框架的功能以及客体呈现作为现实检验条件的功能。此外,通过区分纯粹的男性和纯粹的女性元素,他还能够构建一种高度思辨的理论化,以区分两个基本原则:行动和存在。尽管死亡驱力显然被摒弃了,但这种摒弃源于他对双重依赖的理论化。因此,作者认为温尼科特并未摒弃元心理学概念,而是对使用这些概念和心理地形学的条件进行了理论化。