Roussillon René
Int J Psychoanal. 2010 Aug;91(4):821-37. doi: 10.1111/j.1745-8315.2009.00229.x.
The author examines Winnicott 's contribution to Freud 's concept of primary narcissism. In Mourning and melancholia, Freud laid the foundations for this contribution, but it was Winnicott who turned it into a clinically useful concept. There are three of Winnicott's ideas that can be seen as preliminary stages to his theory of transitional phenomena and illusion. They serve as an introduction to thinking about the analysis of the analysand 's primary narcissism and the theoretical prerequisites that make the interpretation of primary narcissism possible. Through the exploration of three main points in Winnicott's writings the author shows how Winnicott's conceptualizations are both new and a continuation of Freud 's thinking. His ideas are thus part of the overall theoretical pattern of Freud 's metapsychology. The three main points are as follows: 1. In bringing maternal care and the presence of the psychic environment into the construction of primary narcissism, Winnicott made it possible to analyse narcissism. His ideas enable us to stand back from the characteristic solipsism of narcissism, which holds that everything comes from the self and only from the self. The latter concept tends to eliminate the role of the object and environment in the construction of the self. At the same time, by deconstructing the way in which the self is infiltrated by a certain number of narcissistic postulates, Winnicott made it possible to interpret the theory of narcissism itself. 2. Between the individual and the sense of self, Winnicott inserted the maternal object and her function as a mirror of affects who acts as a medium for the organization of self-identity. Primary identity is established through the construction and elimination of a narcissistic identification that becomes meaningful in the context of a primary homosexual relationship functioning as a 'double'. 3. A process of differentiation that governs the discovery of the object is in a dialectical relationship with narcissistic identification. That process can be understood only in terms of the responses made by the primary psychic environment to the baby's primary aggression.
作者考察了温尼科特对弗洛伊德原初自恋概念的贡献。在《哀悼与忧郁症》中，弗洛伊德奠定了这一贡献的基础，但将其转化为一个具有临床实用性概念的却是温尼科特。温尼科特的三个观点可被视为其过渡现象与幻想理论的初步阶段。它们为思考对分析对象原初自恋的分析以及使原初自恋的解释成为可能的理论前提提供了引入。通过探究温尼科特著作中的三个要点，作者展示了温尼科特的概念化如何既新颖又延续了弗洛伊德的思想。因此，他的观点是弗洛伊德元心理学整体理论模式的一部分。这三个要点如下：1. 通过将母亲的照料和心理环境的存在纳入原初自恋的建构中，温尼科特使对自恋的分析成为可能。他的观点使我们能够从自恋特有的唯我论中抽身出来，这种唯我论认为一切都源于自我且仅源于自我。后一概念往往会消除客体和环境在自我建构中的作用。同时，通过解构自我被一定数量自恋假设渗透的方式，温尼科特使自恋理论本身的解释成为可能。2. 在个体与自我感之间，温尼科特插入了母亲客体及其作为情感镜子的功能，母亲客体充当自我认同组织的媒介。原初认同是通过一种自恋认同的建构与消除而建立的，这种自恋认同在作为“替身”发挥作用的原初同性恋关系的背景下变得有意义。3. 一个支配客体发现的分化过程与自恋认同处于辩证关系之中。只有从原初心理环境对婴儿原初攻击性的反应角度，才能理解这一过程。
