Ornston D
Int J Psychoanal. 1982;63(Pt 4):409-26.
James Strachey stands between his reader and Freud precisely because he translated and organized Freud's life work. Therefore we need to know what Strachey took for granted and how he made his choices in order to begin to disentangle Strachey's views from Freud's. Freud had no fear of sounding disorderly when describing what he could not see and did not understand. In fact, he was trying to reveal the faults in his own ideas by putting them as clearly as he could. Freud also began to develop intricate and nonspatial conceptions, but even these more abstract ways of thinking about unconscious activity are usually laid out in plain German. In his translation 'A Child is Being Beaten' Strachey always chose simple clarity. Because he believed that Freud was describing facts and forces which accounted for them, Strachey usually chose the most authoritative tone or quantitative term. This was a serious mistake. Strachey shifted Freud's focused questions and flexible approximations into artificial words which have the ring of set explanations. I have shown that much of what Freud wrote about ideas which are now called mental representation, drive and instinct, mental object relationships, developmental differentiation, ego-id-superego, regression, repression and cathexis is missing in Strachey's wording. By condensing some of Freud's descriptions of his own ideas, Strachey composed a premature technical language which isolated Freud's work from the science of his time, as well as ours, and may have hindered the development of psychoanalytic theory.
詹姆斯·斯特雷奇横亘在读者与弗洛伊德之间，恰恰是因为他翻译并整理了弗洛伊德一生的著作。因此，为了开始将斯特雷奇的观点与弗洛伊德的观点区分开来，我们需要了解斯特雷奇认为理所当然的事情，以及他是如何做出选择的。在描述自己看不见和不理解的东西时，弗洛伊德并不担心听起来杂乱无章。事实上，他试图通过尽可能清晰地表述自己的观点来揭示其中的缺陷。弗洛伊德也开始发展复杂且非空间性的概念，但即便这些思考无意识活动的更抽象方式，通常也是用平实的德语呈现的。在翻译《一个正在被打的孩子》时，斯特雷奇总是选择简单明了的表达方式。因为他相信弗洛伊德在描述事实及其背后的力量，所以斯特雷奇通常会选择最具权威性的语气或量化术语。这是一个严重的错误。斯特雷奇将弗洛伊德关注的问题和灵活的近似表述，转变为听起来像是固定解释的生硬措辞。我已经表明，弗洛伊德所写的关于现在被称为心理表征、驱力和本能、心理客体关系、发展分化、自我—本我—超我、退行、压抑和贯注等诸多内容，在斯特雷奇的措辞中都缺失了。通过浓缩弗洛伊德对自己观点的一些描述，斯特雷奇构建了一种过早的专业语言。这种语言使弗洛伊德的作品与他那个时代以及我们这个时代的科学相隔绝，可能还阻碍了精神分析理论的发展。
