Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2010 Jun;1198:173-81. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.05429.x.
In the United States, cancer is the second most common cause of death and it is expected that about 562,340 Americans will have died of cancer in 2009. Bone cancer pain is common in patients with advanced breast, prostate, and lung cancer as these tumors have a remarkable affinity to metastasize to bone. Once tumors metastasize to bone, they are a major cause of morbidity and mortality as the tumor induces significant skeletal remodeling, fractures, pain, and anemia. Currently, the factors that drive cancer pain are poorly understood. However, several recently introduced models of bone cancer pain, which closely mirror the human condition, are providing insight into the mechanisms that drive bone cancer pain and guide the development of mechanism-based therapies to treat the cancer pain. Several of these mechanism-based therapies have now entered human clinical trials. If successful, these therapies have the potential to significantly enlarge the repertoire of modalities that can be used to treat bone cancer pain and improve the quality of life, functional status, and survival of patients with bone cancer.
在美国，癌症是第二大常见死因，预计 2009 年将有 562340 名美国人死于癌症。晚期乳腺癌、前列腺癌和肺癌患者中常见骨癌疼痛，因为这些肿瘤对骨转移具有显著的亲和力。一旦肿瘤转移到骨骼，它们就是发病率和死亡率的主要原因，因为肿瘤会引起显著的骨骼重塑、骨折、疼痛和贫血。目前，导致癌症疼痛的因素还不太清楚。然而，最近引入的几种骨癌疼痛模型，与人类状况非常相似，为驱动骨癌疼痛的机制提供了深入的了解，并指导了基于机制的治疗方法的开发，以治疗癌症疼痛。其中一些基于机制的治疗方法现已进入人体临床试验。如果成功，这些疗法有可能显著扩大可用于治疗骨癌疼痛的方法，并提高骨癌患者的生活质量、功能状态和生存率。
