Seto W H, Ching T Y, Yuen K Y, Chu Y B, Seto W L
Department of Microbiology, University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital.
Am J Infect Control. 1991 Apr;19(2):86-91. doi: 10.1016/0196-6553(91)90044-d.
Opinion leaders are members within a social group with significant social influence over others. A guideline on urinary catheter care was introduced in three groups (A, B, and C) of two randomly allocated wards. Two opinion leaders per ward were identified by nurses in groups A and B with the use of a sociometric method. For education, in-service lectures for 30% of nurses and opinion leaders' tutorials for all nurses were used in group A; opinion leaders' tutorials alone in B, and lectures alone in C. Before and after the education program, the guideline's frequency of practice was assessed by surveying 30% of randomly selected nurses and by direct observation. Results of the survey were comparable for groups A and B and both groups were significantly higher (p less than 0.05) than C, suggesting that informational transmission by opinion leaders was superior to that by the lecture. However, practices by direct observation in group A were significantly better (p less than 0.05) than those in B, indicating that staff compliance is best achieved by using both opinion leaders and lectures. The lecture probably endorsed the opinion leaders' leadership, enhancing their ability to influence the staff.
意见领袖是在社会群体中对他人具有重大社会影响力的成员。在两个随机分配的病房的三个组（A组、B组和C组）中引入了一项导尿管护理指南。A组和B组的护士使用社会测量法确定每个病房有两名意见领袖。在教育方面，A组对30%的护士进行在职讲座，并为所有护士安排意见领袖辅导课；B组仅安排意见领袖辅导课；C组仅安排讲座。在教育计划前后，通过对30%随机抽取的护士进行调查和直接观察来评估该指南的实践频率。A组和B组的调查结果具有可比性，且两组均显著高于C组（p小于0.05），这表明意见领袖的信息传播优于讲座。然而，A组通过直接观察得出的实践情况显著优于B组（p小于0.05），这表明同时使用意见领袖和讲座能最好地实现员工的依从性。讲座可能认可了意见领袖的领导地位，增强了他们影响员工的能力。
