Hong S W, Ching T Y, Fung J P, Seto W L
Department of Microbiology, University of Hong Kong.
Med Teach. 1990;12(2):209-17. doi: 10.3109/01421599009006698.
Opinion leaders (OLs) are members within a social group with significant social influence over others. A guideline on urinary catheter care was introduced in three groups (A, B and C) of two randomly allocated wards. Two OLs per ward were identified by nurses in groups A and B, using a sociometric method. For education, inservice lectures for 30% of nurses and OLs tutorials for all nurses were used in group A; OLs tutorials in B, lectures in C and ward nurses were in turn responsible for educating new arrivals of student nurses. Before and after the education programme, the guideline's frequency of practice was assessed by surveying 30% of randomly selected nurses and by direct observation for incorrect practices. A student's quiz on the guideline was also conducted. For all three methods of measurement, the best results were in group A followed by B and C; and the differences for the three groups were significant (p less than 0.05). This indicates that continuing education in the hospital can be effectively conducted by the enlistment of ward OLs.
意见领袖（OLs）是社会群体中对他人具有重大社会影响力的成员。在两个随机分配病房的三组（A、B和C组）中引入了一项导尿管护理指南。A组和B组的护士使用社会测量法确定每个病房的两名意见领袖。在教育方面，A组对30%的护士进行在职讲座，并对所有护士进行意见领袖辅导；B组进行意见领袖辅导，C组进行讲座，病房护士轮流负责对新入职的实习护士进行教育。在教育计划前后，通过对30%随机抽取的护士进行调查以及直接观察错误操作来评估指南的实践频率。还针对该指南进行了学生测验。对于所有三种测量方法，最佳结果是A组，其次是B组和C组；三组之间的差异具有统计学意义（p小于0.05）。这表明通过招募病房意见领袖可以有效地在医院开展继续教育。
