Kirychuk Shelley P, Reynolds Stephen J, Koehncke Niels K, Lawson Joshua, Willson Philip, Senthilselvan Ambikaipakan, Marciniuk Darcy, Classen Henry L, Crowe Trever, Just Natasha, Schneberger David, Dosman James A
University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada.
Ann Occup Hyg. 2010 Oct;54(7):824-32. doi: 10.1093/annhyg/meq047. Epub 2010 Jun 10.
Individuals engaged in work in intensive animal houses experience some of the highest rates of occupationally related respiratory symptoms. Organic dust and in particular endotoxin has been most closely associated with respiratory symptoms and lung function changes in workers. It has previously been shown that for intensive poultry operations, type of poultry housing [cage-housed (CH) versus floor-housed (FH)] can influence the levels of environmental contaminants. The goal of the study was to determine the differences in endotoxin and dust levels at different size fractions between CH and FH poultry operations.
Fifteen CH and 15 FH poultry operations were sampled for stationary measurements (area) of dust and associated endotoxin. Fractioned samples were collected utilizing Marple cascade impactors. Gravimetric and endotoxin analysis were conducted on each of the filters.
When assessed by individual Marple stage, there was significantly greater airborne endotoxin concentration (endotoxin units per cubic meter) in the size fraction >9.8 μm for the FH operations whereas at the size fraction 1.6-3.5 μm, the CH operations had significantly greater airborne endotoxin concentration than the FH operations. Endotoxin concentration in the dust mass (endotoxin units per milligram) was significantly greater in the CH operations as compared to the FH operations for all size fractions >1.6 μm. As such, endotoxin in the respirable fraction accounted for 24% of the total endotoxin in the CH operations whereas it accounted for only 11% in the FH operations. There was significantly more dust in all size fractions in the FH operations as compared to the CH poultry operations.
There is more endotoxin in the presence of significantly lower dust levels in the respirable particle size fractions in CH poultry operations as compared to the FH poultry operations. This difference in respirable endotoxin may be important in relation to the differential respiratory response experienced by CH and FH poultry operation workers.
在集约化动物饲养场工作的人员出现职业性呼吸道症状的比例极高。有机粉尘，尤其是内毒素，与工人的呼吸道症状及肺功能变化关联最为密切。此前研究表明，对于集约化家禽养殖作业，家禽饲养方式（笼养与平养）会影响环境污染物水平。本研究的目的是确定笼养和平养家禽养殖作业中不同粒径的内毒素和粉尘水平差异。
对15个笼养和15个平养家禽养殖场进行采样，以进行粉尘及相关内毒素的固定测量（区域）。使用马普尔级联冲击器收集分级样本。对每个滤膜进行重量分析和内毒素分析。
按马普尔级单独评估时，平养作业中粒径>9.8μm的空气中内毒素浓度（每立方米内毒素单位）显著更高，而在粒径1.6 - 3.5μm时，笼养作业的空气中内毒素浓度显著高于平养作业。对于所有粒径>1.6μm的情况，笼养作业中粉尘质量中的内毒素浓度（每毫克内毒素单位）显著高于平养作业。因此，笼养作业中可吸入部分的内毒素占总内毒素的24%，而平养作业中仅占11%。与笼养家禽养殖作业相比，平养作业所有粒径的粉尘都显著更多。
与平养家禽养殖作业相比，笼养家禽养殖作业中可吸入粒径部分的粉尘水平显著较低，但内毒素含量更高。这种可吸入内毒素的差异可能与笼养和平养家禽养殖作业工人的不同呼吸道反应有关。
