Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Cancer Causes Control. 2012 May;23(5):663-70. doi: 10.1007/s10552-012-9921-1. Epub 2012 Mar 10.
The purpose of this study is to evaluate cancer risk associated with raising animals as commodities, which is associated with a variety of exposures, such as infectious agents and endotoxins.
Information was available for 49,884 male farmers in the Agricultural Health Study, who reported livestock and poultry production at enrollment (1993-1997). Cancer incidence data were obtained through annual linkage to state registries. Using Poisson regression analyses, we evaluated whether the number and type of animals raised on the farm impacted cancer risk.
Overall, 31,848 (63.8%) male farmers reported raising any animals. Lung cancer risk decreased with increasing number of livestock on the farm (p trend = 0.04) and with raising poultry (Relative Risk (RR) = 0.6; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.4-0.97). Raising poultry was associated with an increased risk of colon cancer (RR = 1.4; 95% CI: 0.99-2.0) with further increased with larger flocks (p trend = 0.02). Risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma was also elevated in those who raised poultry (RR = 1.6; 95% CI: 1.0-2.4), but there was no evidence of increased risk with larger flocks (p trend = 0.5). Raising sheep was associated with a significantly increased risk of multiple myeloma (RR = 4.9; 95% CI: 2.4-12.0). Performing veterinary services increased the risk of Hodgkin lymphoma (RR = 12.2; 95% CI: 1.6-96.3).
We observed an inverse association between raising poultry and livestock and lung cancer risk and some evidence of increased risk of specific lymphohematopoietic malignancies with specific types of animals and performing veterinary services. Further research into associations between raising animals and cancer risk should focus on identification of etiologic agents.
本研究旨在评估作为商品饲养动物所带来的癌症风险，这与多种暴露因素相关，如传染病原和内毒素。
我们获得了参加农业健康研究（1993-1997 年）的 49884 名男性农民的信息，这些农民在入组时报告了牲畜和家禽的养殖情况。通过每年与州级登记处的链接，我们获得了癌症发病数据。我们使用泊松回归分析来评估农场中养殖动物的数量和类型是否会影响癌症风险。
总体而言，31848 名（63.8%）男性农民报告饲养了某种动物。随着农场中牲畜数量的增加，肺癌风险呈下降趋势（趋势 P 值=0.04），而饲养家禽则与肺癌风险降低相关（相对风险（RR）=0.6；95%置信区间（CI）：0.4-0.97）。饲养家禽与结肠癌风险增加相关（RR=1.4；95%CI：0.99-2.0），并且随着禽类数量的增加，风险进一步增加（趋势 P 值=0.02）。饲养家禽也与非霍奇金淋巴瘤风险增加相关（RR=1.6；95%CI：1.0-2.4），但禽类数量增加并未增加风险（趋势 P 值=0.5）。饲养绵羊与多发性骨髓瘤的风险显著增加相关（RR=4.9；95%CI：2.4-12.0）。进行兽医服务与霍奇金淋巴瘤的风险增加相关（RR=12.2；95%CI：1.6-96.3）。
我们观察到饲养家禽和牲畜与肺癌风险呈负相关，并且某些特定类型的动物和进行兽医服务与特定的淋巴血液系统恶性肿瘤风险增加有关。进一步研究饲养动物与癌症风险之间的关系应重点关注病因的确定。
